Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
Know the difference between a patent fingerprint and a latent fingerprint
Patent- a visible fingerprint produced when fingers coated with blood, ink, or some other substance touch a surface and transfer their print to that surface
Latent- a concealed fingerprint made visible through the use of powders or forensic techniques
Know who John Dillinger is
American Public Enemy Number One in the 1930s. He put acid on his fingertips to change their appearance, something he likely learned from pineapple factory workers
Can computers identify a fingerprint in a matter of seconds?
No, however, the process can be done in minutes
Sir William Hershel is
The person who began collecting fingerprints noted the patterns were unique to each person and were not altered by age
Sir Francis Galton is
Verified that fingerprints do not change with age and helped develop the classification system for fingerprints
Know the percentage of latent prints that are discovered at a crime scene that displays the palm or side of the hand
20-30%
Know what a plastic fingerprint is
A three-dimensional fingerprint made in soft material such as clay, soap, or putty
Know who Puttin’ head Wilson is
A lawyer created by Mark Twain in the novel of the same name, he exhibits his knowledge of the cutting-edge technology of the day (fingerprints)
When was the earliest study of patterns on human hands in Western culture?
1684 by Dr. Nehemiah Grew
When did fingerprint collection begin and by who
In 1856, Sir William Herschel
Alphonse Bertillon is
An assistant clerk in the records officer at the police station created a way to identify criminals using a list of physical measurements taken from prisoners, called the Bertillonage method, and helped identify repeat offenders
Sir E.R. Henry is
Created a system that divided fingerprint records into groups based on whether you have an arch, whorl, or loop and then all 10 fingers would be printed
The imprint of a fingerprint consists of natural secretions of the sweat glands that are present where
In the friction ridge of the skin
During which week of gestation are fingerprints formed
10 weeks
Know the difference between ulnar and radial loops
An ulnar loop opens toward the little finger, and a radial loop opens toward the thumb
Whorl patterns include
Plain whorls, central pocket loop whorl, double loop whorl, and accidental whorl
Know the different kinds of arches
A plain arch or a tented arch (has a delta)
Minutiae
The combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each unique; also called ridge characteristics
What chemical is used for paper to make a latent print visible?
ninhydrin
Peter Biro is
A Hungarian, immigrant currently working in Canada. He is an art conservator who was the first to study the fingerprints left behind on paintings by artists and used these marks to identify artists.
Dr. Sue Jickells
A scientist who is researching to learn how things criminals may touch like explosives, cigarettes, and drugs, can leave behind traces on the skin. When detected these substances can tell us more about the lives of the fingerprint owner than just their identities.
1995 test of 156 fingerprint examiners result
1 in five examiners made at least one false identification
What is the average individual ridge characteristic on a full fingerprint?
Arches- 5%
Whorls 30%
loops - 65%
150 minutiae
