chapter 7 to page 251 Flashcards
What is matter
matter is anything that has mass and volume
What is mass
mass is the quantity of matter that a substance or object contains
What happens when there is more matter?
more matter = greater mass
How is mass measured?
mass is measured in g grams or kg kilograms
What is volume?
volume is the amount of space taken up by a substance or object
How is volume of liquid measured?
liquid is measured in mL mililitres or L litres or cm3
what is the definition of solid?
a solid has a definite shape and volume
what is the definition of liquid?
liquid has a definite volume but its shape is determined by the surroundings (container)
What is the definition of gas?
gas has volume and shape is determined by its surroundings (gas in a balloon)
What are the four parts of the particle model of matter?
- matter is made of small particles, 2. there are spaces between particles, 3. particles are always moving, 4. particles are attracted to each other
What do the particles in a solid look like?
packed together tightly, hold shape, don’t appear to move but vibrate
What do the particles in liquid look like?
particles are in contact with each other, but slip and slide past each other changing shape
What do the particles in gas look like?
large spaces between each other, mostly empty space, can move freely in any direction
What is kinetic energy?
kinetic energy is the energy of motion
What is kinetic molecular theory?
explains what happens to matter when the kinetic energy of a particle changes
In science what is a model?
a model is a way to think about and interpret natural events and objects.
What is a theory?
a theory provides a scientific explanation based on the results of an experiment
What is thermal expansion?
when particles heat up they move faster, and the substance expands
What is thermal contraction?
when particles are cooled and they slow down, the substance gets smaller
do all substances expand and contract at the same rate when heated or cooled?
No, each substance responds differently to heat/cold.
What causes a glass to break in hot water?
the uneven contraction causes stress which breaks the glass
Why doesn’t lab glass break then?
lab glass is made of different substances so that it doesn’t shatter in heat.
What is thermal energy?
the total kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance.
What happens when two substances have different thermal energies and they come into contact?
the thermal energy flows to the substance with less thermal energy.
What is a temperature reading?
you are sampling the kinetic energy of its particles
