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Science 8 > 2 Digestive system > Flashcards

2 Digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four stages of digestion?

A
  1. Ingesting, 2. Digesting, 3. Absorbing, 4. Eliminating
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2
Q

What are enzymes?

A

an enzyme is a protein found in your body that speeds up the chemical process of digestion. Each organ has one or more enzymes that help digestion

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3
Q

What is the purpose of digestion?

A

The purpose of digestion is to break down food into small enough particles that the body can use the food.

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4
Q

What happens to food that cannot be broken down into small enough parts for the body to use?

A

It is eliminated as feces (Poop)

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5
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Ingestion is taking in food, through biting into your food or putting it into your mouth.

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6
Q

What are the four stages of digestion?

A

Digestion happens in the 1. mouth, 2. esophagus, 3. stomach, 4. small intestine

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7
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion happens in the mouth when you use your teeth to chew and your tongue to swallow.

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8
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A bolus is the small piece of food after it is chewed and swallowed

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9
Q

What covers a bolus?

A

Saliva covers the bolus.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of saliva?

A

Saliva helps the bolus slide down your esophagus and continue it’s journey through the digestive tube.

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11
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

Saliva contains amylase which is an enzyme that starts the chemical digestive process.

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12
Q

Where does saliva come from

A

Saliva comes from your salivary glands in your mouth.

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13
Q

What does chemical digestion do?

A

Chemical digestion breaks down the complex carbohydrates from your food into simple carbohydrates that your body can use.

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14
Q

How much saliva do you produce a day?

A

You produce about 1 liter of saliva a day!! grossnessss

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15
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

The pharynx is where the airway and digestive system meet at the back of your throat. It is the first part of the esophagus.

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16
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

The epiglottis is the flap of skin that covers the airway tube so food doesn’t go down there.

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17
Q

When you choke on food what has happened?

A

When you choke on food, the epiglottis has opened by accident and food has gone down the wrong way.

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18
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is the process of the esophagus muscle pushing the food through the esophagus

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19
Q

What is inside your stomach to help with digestion?

A

Inside your stomach is gastric juice, which is made of hydrochloric acid, mucus, and enzymes.

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20
Q

Where does gastric juice come from?

A

Gastric juice is secreted by the stomach lining.

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21
Q

If gastric juice is acidic, what protects your stomach?

A

Mucus lines your stomach to protect it from acid.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of your gastric juice being acidic?

A

Pepsin, the enzyme in your stomach, needs an acidic environment in order to work properly.

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23
Q

What is chyme?

A

Chyme is the bolus (food chunk covered in saliva) that has been mushed around in the gastric juice, so now is a liquid.

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24
Q

How long is the process of bolus to chyme?

A

It takes two to six hours to break down your food into chyme.

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25
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

Sphincters are found throughout your body. They are round muscles that allow materials to move through them when open, but close to prevent movement.

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26
Q

How many sphincters does your stomach have?

A

Your stomach has two sphincters One to allow bolus in, and one to allow chyme out into your intestines.

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27
Q

What happens when you throw up or have heartburn

A

When you puke or have heart burn the sphincter at the opening of your stomach has opened in the reverse direction.

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28
Q

Why does puke burn your throat?

A

Puke/Vomit burns your throat because of the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

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29
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The duodenum is the first meter of the small intestine.

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30
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

The small intestine is about 6 meters long

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31
Q

When is the second stage of digestion complete?

A

The second stage of digestion is complete when the food leaves the duodenum.

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32
Q

What does the first 30 cm of the duodenum have?

A

The first 30 cm of the duodenum has duct or tubes that connect to other organs.

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33
Q

What three organs connect to the duodenum?

A

The pancreas, liver, and gall bladder connect to the duodenum.

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34
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that pass into the small intestine.

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35
Q

What does the liver do?

A

The liver produces bile.

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36
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Bile is stored in the gall bladder.

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37
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Bile breaks down globs of fat into smaller droplets, like how dish soap breaks up the grease on pots/pans. The bile helps the pancreatic enzymes break fat even smaller.

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38
Q

What is the purpose of the remaining 5 meters of small intestine?

A

Absorption of nutrients happens in the last 5 meters of the small intestine.

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39
Q

What helps to increase the rate of absorption of nutrients?

A

Villi (villus) cover the small intestine.

40
Q

What are villi?

A

Villi are structures which cover the small intestines, they are folds that increase the total surface area so there is more space to take in nutrients.

41
Q

How big is the surface are of the small intestine?

A

The surface area, because of vili is similar to the size of a tennis court. 250 meters squared.

42
Q

How long does it take for food to pass through the small intestines?

A

It takes 5-6 hours for food to pass through the small intestines

43
Q

What is the automatic process that pushes food through the small intestines?

A

Peristalsis moves the food through the intestines

44
Q

What is the main purpose of the large intestine?

A

The large intestine takes the undigested material from the small intestine, reabsorb water and some minerals.

45
Q

How big is the large intestine?

A

The large intestine is 5 cm wide, and it is 1.5 meters long.

46
Q

How long does it take for the undigested material to pass through the large intestine?

A

It takes 12-24 hours to pass through the large intestine.

47
Q

How much water has been reabsorbed by the time you poop?

A

90% of water has been reabsorbed as it passes through the large intestine.

48
Q

What is the role of bacteria in digestion?

A

Bacteria helps with the breakdown and absorption of food.

49
Q

How is Vitamin K made?

A

Bacteria in the large intestine use undigested material to create Vitamin K

50
Q

What is Vitamin K for?

A

Vitamin K helps your blood to clot.

51
Q

Why do babies need a Vitamin K shot?

A

When they are born, babies do not have Vitamin K yet, so their blood will not clot. Doctors give babies the shot to help them until they can make their own.

52
Q

What is salmonella?

A

Salmonella is a bad bacteria that causes food poisoning.

53
Q

What is elimination?

A

Elimination is when undigested materials leaves the body.

54
Q

What is feces?

A

Feces is poop

55
Q

How long does the whole process of digestion take?

A

It takes 20-30 hours from start to finish to digest food.

56
Q

What does the excretory system do?

A

Removes waste (liquid or gas) from your body.

57
Q

The excretory system removes liquid how?

A

Liquid is removed through the urinary tract.

58
Q

What are the organs of the urinary tract?

A

Two kidneys, two tubes carrying liquid called the ureters, the bladder and the urethra.

59
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

The kidneys filter blood and remove wastes.

60
Q

What happens once the blood is filtered?

A

as the blood is filtered, urine is formed

61
Q

Where is urine stored?

A

Urine is stored in the bladder.

62
Q

From where does urine leave the body?

A

Urine leaves the body via the urethra

63
Q

What is obesity?

A

Obesity is an excess (too much) of body fat

64
Q

How do people become obese?

A

Obesity is caused by people eating more food than their body requires.

65
Q

What health problems does obesity create?

A

Obesity creates increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and asthma

66
Q

What is an eating disorder?

A

An eating disorder is when a person does not get enough nutrients to be healthy

67
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

Anorexia nervosa is when a person severely restricts their food intake.

68
Q

What health problems can Anorexia Nervosa cause?

A

Anorexia nervosa can cause damage to internal organs and weakening of bones.

69
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

Bulimia nervosa is when a person eats large amounts of food and then takes laxatives or vomits to get rid of the food before it is digested.

70
Q

What health problems can bulimia nervosa cause?

A

Bulimia nervosa can irritate stomach and intestines, and create tooth decay from the acid in vomit

71
Q

What is the rectum?

A

The rectum is the last bit of your large intestine

72
Q

What is your anus?

A

The anus is the sphincter that releases the feces (poop) into the toilet

73
Q

What is A?

A

Ingesting

74
Q

What is B?

A

Digesting

75
Q

What is C?

A

Absorbing

76
Q

What is D?

A

Eliminating

77
Q

What is A?

A

Salivary glands

78
Q

What is B?

A

tongue

79
Q

What is C?

A

Esophagus

80
Q

What is D?

A

stomach

81
Q

What is E?

A

pancreas

82
Q

What is F?

A

Small intestine

83
Q

What is G?

A

rectum

84
Q

What is H?

A

liver

85
Q

What is I?

A

gall bladder

86
Q

What is J?

A

Large intestine

87
Q

What is K?

A

Anus

88
Q

What is A?

A

teeth

89
Q

What is B?

A

Incisors

90
Q

What is C?

A

tonsils

91
Q

What is D?

A

Tongue, which is covered in projections

92
Q

What is E?

A

Opening of a salivary gland duct

93
Q

What is F?

A

Cuspids or canines

94
Q

What is G?

A

bicuspids or premolars

95
Q

What is H?

A

Molars

Science 8 (34 decks)

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