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Science 8 > 1.1-1.3 Cell Unit vocab > Flashcards

1.1-1.3 Cell Unit vocab Flashcards

Learning the Cell unit vocabulary

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What is a group of single celled mirco-organisms, some of which can cause disesase?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What is the thin protective covering that seperates the interior of the cell from its surroundings and controls the movement of particles in and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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4
Q

what are the three parts of cell theory

A
  1. cell is the basic unit of life 2. all organisms are composed (made up of) of one or more cells 3. all cells come from other living cells
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5
Q

What is the cell wall

A

A tough rigid structure that surrounds and protects a plant cell and gives it the rectangular boxlike shape

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6
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

parts of plant cells that trap energy from the sun and changes it into chemical energy that plants use

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7
Q

What does a compound light microscope do?

A

It is the kind of microscope used in science classes and most medical laboratories to enlarge images

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8
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The jelly-like substance wihin a cell, containing organelles, water and other life supporting materials

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9
Q

What is diffusion? (Bacon)

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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10
Q

What is an electron micrograph?

A

An image made by an electronic microscope

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11
Q

What is endoplasmic recticulum?

A

In cells a network of membrane covered chanels that transport materials (highway)

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12
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

A type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes

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13
Q

What is a golgi body

A

a structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles (Gold digger sorting gold)

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14
Q

what is a Lysosome

A

a cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes and worn-out cell parts. (Stomach)

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15
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the total of all chemical reactions that takes place in a cell

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16
Q

What are mitochondrion

A

the energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cells

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17
Q

What is the nucleus of a cell?

A

the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell

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18
Q

what are organisms

A

living things

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19
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane. particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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20
Q

What is a procaryotic cell?

A

A type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membrane

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21
Q

what are organelles

A

a part of a cell in which functions are carried out to ensure a cell’s survival

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22
Q

What is a ribosome

A

an organelle that assembles protein

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23
Q

What is a scanning electron microscope?

A

A powerful microscope that scientists use for research

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24
Q

What is selectively permeable membraine?

A

a membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out

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25
Q

What is a vacuole

A

a temporary storage compartment in cells, sometimes used to store waste. They are much larger in plant cells

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26
Q

What is a virus?

A

tiny non-living particles that are capable of reproducing only when they are inside a host cell. They have no nucleus or organelles and cause disease

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27
Q

What is a cell?

A

the basic unit of life

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28
Q

What is bacteria

A

a single celled micro-organism some of which cause disease

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29
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

the thin protective covering that separates the interior of the cell from its surroundings and controls the movment of particles in and out of the cell

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30
Q

What is one of the main ideas of modern biology?

A

cell theory

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31
Q

what is the tough rigid structure that surround and prtects a plant cell and gives it the rectangular boxlike sides

A

cell wall

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32
Q

parts of plant cells that trap energy from the sun and changes it into chemical energy that plants use

A

chloroplast

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33
Q

It is the kind of microscope used in science classes and most medical laboratories to enlarge images

A

compound light microscope

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34
Q

The jelly-like substance wihin a cell, containing organelles, water and other life supporting materials

A

cytoplasm

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35
Q

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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36
Q

An image made by an electronic microscope

A

electron micrograph

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37
Q

In cells a network of membrane covered chanels that transport materials (proteins) (highway)

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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38
Q

A type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes

A

eukaryotic

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39
Q

a structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles (gold digger)

A

Golgi boyd

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40
Q

a cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes and worn-out cell parts. (stomach)

A

Lysosome

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41
Q

the total of all chemical reactions that takes place in a cell

A

Metabolism

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42
Q

the energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cells

A

Mitochondrion

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43
Q

the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell

A

nucleus

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44
Q

all living things are called

A

organisms

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45
Q

the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane. particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Osmosis

46
Q

A type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membrane

A

Procaryotic cell

47
Q

a part of a cell in which functions are carried out to ensure a cell’s survival

A

organelles

48
Q

an organelle that assembles protein

A

ribosome

49
Q

Name the powerful microscope that scientists use for research

A

scanning electron microscope

50
Q

a membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out

A

a selectively permeable membrain

51
Q

a temporary storage compartment in cells, sometimes used to store waste. They are much larger in plant cells

A

vacuole

52
Q

tiny non-living particles that are capable of reproducing only when they are inside a host cell. They have no nucleus or organelles and cause disease

A

virus

53
Q

What is the difference between a bacteria and a virus?

A

Bacteria are single celled organisms. Virus is a particle that needs a host cell to survive and reproduce.

54
Q

What are the five things that show something is alive?

A
  1. living things respond to their environment. 2. living things need energy 3. living things grow 4.living things reproduce 5. living things get rid of waste
55
Q

what looks like a network of folded channels (highway)

A

endoplasmic reticulum

56
Q

what looks like a tough rigid structure around the cell

A

cell membrane

57
Q

what is a jelly like substance inside the cell

A

cytoplasm

58
Q

what does cytoplasm contain?

A

water, organelles,life suporting materials

59
Q

what contains the DNA

A

nucleus

60
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

controls all activity in the cell

61
Q

what do mitochondria do

A

make energy/produce energy for the cell

62
Q

what do mitochondria look like

A

A jelly bean with an inner and outer membrane

63
Q

what do chloroplasts do

A

trap energy from the sun and change it to chemical energy for the plant

64
Q

what do chloroplasts look like

A

usually greenish colour organelle

65
Q

what does a vacuole do

A

temporarily stores waste and liquid

66
Q

is a vacuole larger in plant or animal cells

A

larger in plant cells

67
Q

which has more vacuoles plant or animal

A

more in animal but smaller ones

68
Q

what does a vesicle do

A

moves material in and out and around the cell

69
Q

what does a vesicle look like

A

membraine bound sac smaller than a vacuole

70
Q

what does the golgi body do (gold digger)

A

packages and sorts some materials for transport in or out of the cell

71
Q

what does a golgi body look like

A

packs proteins into vesicles

72
Q

what does lysosome do (stomach)

A

helps breakdown large particles of old and worn out organelles

73
Q

what does lysosome look like

A

little circles that contains digestive enzymes

74
Q

What is deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

75
Q

what is DNA

A

the hereditary material in cells

76
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

when chemical energy from food is changed into energy that the cell can use. this happens in the mitochondria

77
Q

How do you know if the cell does more work than another cell?

A

it has more mitochondria.

78
Q

what happens in ribosomes?

A

proteins are assembled inside ribosomes like a factory

79
Q

where are ribosomes found?

A

some float in cytoplasm other are found in endoplasmic reticulum

80
Q

why is endoplasmic reticulum folded?

A

it gives it a greater surface area in a small space

81
Q

What are two features found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

A

cell walls chloroplasts

82
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

the chemical reaction that takes place when carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen

83
Q

what is the difference between procaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

Procaryotic cells organelles are not surrounded by membrane, they are smaller, single cell organisms, no nulclei Eucaryotic cell organelles ARE surrounded by membrane, they are larger, multicellular organisms and only a few single cell organisms

84
Q

How many types of bacteria are there

A

over 5000

85
Q

are all bacteria harmful

A

no, you need bacteria such as to digest food

86
Q

what are the three shapes of bacteria

A

cocci (Sphere shaped) bacilli (rod shaped) spirilla (spiral shaped)

87
Q

are viruses alive

A

no

88
Q

what is the only information insde a virus

A

DNA to reproduce, all other functions are from the host cell

89
Q

what is diffusion

A

when particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentraion

90
Q

when a cell membrane is selectively permeable, what does that mean?

A

some materials can be transported through it, but not all materials, like a coffee filter

91
Q

what does concentration of particles mean?

A

the amount of substance in a given area

92
Q

what is the cell membrane’s most important function?

A

to allow the movements of materials ouside the cell into the cell

93
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane

94
Q

what is equilibrium

A

when there is an equal quantity of particles on each side of a membrane

95
Q

what do ribosomes look like?

A

tiny dark granules

96
Q

where do you find ribosomes

A

free floating in the cytoplasm or in the endoplasmic reticulum

97
Q

what is stored in vesicles

A

cell protein

98
Q

what do vesicles look like

A

a bubble like organelle

99
Q

what transports protein inside a cell

A

golgi apparatus

100
Q

what does the golgi body produce

A

lysosomes

101
Q

what do lysosomes do?

A

they are like little stomachs inside animal cells that help the cell digest food molecules and other molecules

102
Q

how is energy created in plants so they can grow

A

chloroplasts use the sun energy

103
Q

using sun energy is called

A

photosynthesis

104
Q

what is the green pigment (colour) in chloroplasts called

A

chlorophyll

105
Q

what is the selective flow of particles through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration

A

osmosis

106
Q

What takes up 70% of the inside of a cell?

A

Water

107
Q

Who was the first person to use a simple microscope to see cells?

A

Robert Hooke in 1665

108
Q

Why did he name cells cells?

A

Because they reminded him of a monk’s room in a monastery which are called cells.

109
Q

what does the word cell mean?

A

comes from the word cella, which means store room or small container

110
Q

Schleiden and Schwann in the 1800s discovered what amazing thing?

A

that all living things are made up of cells, and that the cell is the basis for plants and animal development

111
Q

In 1864 Pasteur discovered what?

A

That new living things can only come from other living things.

112
Q

Hooke, Schelieden, Schwann and Pastuer’s findings led to what theory?

A

cell theory

Science 8 (34 decks)

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