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Science 8 > Chapter 4 review > Flashcards

Chapter 4 review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave?

A

A wave is a disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space, without causing any permanent displacement (change)

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2
Q

What do sound waves do?

A

Sound waves disturb the air and transfer energy through air.

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3
Q

What do ocean waves do?

A

Ocean waves disturb water and transfer energy through water.

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4
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the capacity to apply force over a distance.

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5
Q

What is a force?

A

A force is a push or pull on an object.

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6
Q

What is a crest?

A

The crest is the highest point of a wave.

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7
Q

What is a trough?

A

A trough is the lowest point in a wave.

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8
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium is the rest position.

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9
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or the distance to complete one complete trough and one complete crest.

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10
Q

How is wavelength measured?

A

Wavelength is measured in metres.

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11
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Amplitude is the height of a wave crest and the depth of a trough.

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12
Q

Where is amplitude measured from?

A

Amplitude is measured from rest position or equilibrium

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13
Q

What is amplitude related to?

A

Amplitude is related to the amount of energy in the wave. The larger the amplitude, the greater the energy

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14
Q

What is the relationship between a bright light and dim light and their amplitude?

A

The amplitude is low for a dim light with low energy, and the amplitude is high for the bright light that has lots of energy.

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15
Q

What is frequency?

A

Frequency is the number of repetitive motions or oscillations that occur in a given time.

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16
Q

How is frequency measured?

A

Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second

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17
Q

what is an inverse relationship?

A

In an inverse relationship, when one thing increases the other thing decreases.

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18
Q

What happens when the wave length of a wave decreases?

A

When the wavelength of a wave decreases, its frequency increases.

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19
Q

What is a weird thing about waves that you don’t realize at first?

A

A wave does not carry water with it, only the energy carried by a water wave moves forward.

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20
Q

What is the matter that energy travels through called?

A

Matter which energy travels through is called its medium…ie water or air

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21
Q

True/False… energy can travel through solid, liquid, and gas

A

True, energy can travel through solid, liquid, and gas

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22
Q

What are the two types of waves that travel through a medium?

A

Transverse waves and Compression waves travel through medium.

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23
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Transverse waves the medium moves up and down perpendicular to the direction the energy is traveling. Ie wave going towards the shore, but the boat goes up and down.

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24
Q

What are compression waves?

A

Sound waves are compression waves, like a coiled spring, where the sound moves back and forth along the same direction

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25
Q

Water waves and earthquake (seismic) waves are what kind of waves?

A

Earthquake (seismic) and water waves are a combination of transverse and compression waves.

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26
Q

Which waves do not need a medium?

A

Light waves and radio waves do not need a medium through which to travel.

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27
Q

What is the formula for frequency?

A

Frequency = Cycles divided by seconds

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28
Q

What is magenta?

A

Magenta is red plus blue

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29
Q

What is the difference between reflection and refraction?

A

Refraction is when the light bends and separates. Reflection is when one colour bounces off an item and so you see that colour

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30
Q

Can humans see wavelengths of light that are more than 700 or less than 400?

A

No, this is the visible spectrum violet is 400 and red is 700.

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31
Q

What is a model?

A

A model is a way of representing something in order to understand it better.

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32
Q

What does the wave model of light show you?

A

The wave model of light pictures light traveling as a wave.

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33
Q

What is the simplest way to thing about light?

A

Visible light is like a wave transferring energy from the sun to the earth or from one place to another

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34
Q

What is light?

A

Light is a type of wave that can travel through empty space and transfers energy from one place to another.

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35
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the bending or change of direction of a wave as it passes through one material to another.

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36
Q

What is white light made of?

A

White light (sunlight) is made of waves having different wavelengths and frequencies.

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37
Q

What happens when white light is refracted by a prism?

A

When white light is refracted through a prism, the different wavelengths bend different amounts.

38
Q

How do longer wavelengths behave differently than shorter wavelengths when refracted?

A

Longer wavelengths refract less than shorter wavelengths when they are separated by a prism.

39
Q

How fast does light travel?

A

Light travels at 300 000 km/s it is the fastest known form of energy

40
Q

What is the visible spectrum?

A

The visible spectrum is the range of colours or frequencies of light that are visible to the human eye.

41
Q

What are the seven most easily seen colours?

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet

42
Q

What is the acronym for the visible spectrum?

A

ROY G BIV is the acronym for the visible spectrum.

43
Q

Which colour has the longest wavelength?

A

Red has the longest wavelength.

44
Q

Which colour has the shortest wavelength?

A

Violet has the shortest wavelength.

45
Q

Which colour has the highest frequency?

A

Violet has the highest frequency

46
Q

Which colour has the lowest frequency

A

Red has the lowest frequency.

47
Q

Why does a prism or a rain drop create a rainbow effect?

A

When the light travels through the prism or raindrop, the lightwaves bend at different amounts which splits them into colours.

48
Q

How did Newton realize that there were colours inside white light?

A

He refracted light through a prism and saw the colours and realized he had not added any colour to the light, so the colour must already have been there.

49
Q

What happens if you remove one colour from the spectrum after it has gone through a prism and is going back into another prism?

A

The light will not recombine into white and will stay in the rainbow… less the one colour. White needs to have all colours.

50
Q

What is reflection?

A

Reflection is when light waves strike an object and bounces off. These are the colours that can be seen.

51
Q

On a red scarf, what colour is being reflected?

A

Red is being reflected, so you can see it, and the other colours are absorbed.

52
Q

Why does a red shirt seem black in a dark room?

A

Since there is no light, there is no red to be reflected off the clothing.

53
Q

What are primary colours?

A

Red, Green and Blue are primary colours and these are the three colours you need to make a rainbow.

54
Q

What are secondary colours?

A

Secondary colours are those colours that are made when you combine two primary colours:

55
Q

What is cyan?

A

Cyan is green plus blue

56
Q

What is yellow?

A

Yellow is red plus green

57
Q

What is magenta?

A

Magenta is red plus blue

58
Q

What is the difference between reflection and refraction?

A

Refraction is when the light bends and separates. Reflection is when one colour bounces off an item and so you see that colour

59
Q

Can humans see wavelengths of light that are more than 700 or less than 400?

A

No, this is the visible spectrum violet is 400 and red is 700.

60
Q

What are you always surrounded by?

A

You are always surrounded by invisible waves that even pass through you.

61
Q

What are some of the invisible waves around you?

A

Microwaves, wireless internet, radio, cellphone waves, suns rays

62
Q

What is radiant energy?

A

Radiant energy is energy, such as light, that travels by radiation.

63
Q

Does the sun only radiate visible light?

A

No, the sun radiates a broad spectrum of energy, but we only see a tiny band.

64
Q

How are light waves different than water waves?

A

In a water wave, water particles vibrate up and down as the wave passes through the water, in a light wave the electrical and magnetic fields vibrate.

65
Q

What is another name for light?

A

Another name for light is electromagnetic radiation

66
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation is the transmission of energy in the form of waves from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma waves.

67
Q

Why can you not see radio and infrared waves in the air?

A

Radio and infrared waves have longer wavelengths and are lower frequency than visible light.

68
Q

Which waves have the longest wavelength and lowest energy and frequency?

A

Radio waves have the longest wavelength, lowest energy and frequency

69
Q

What type of waves are microwaves and radar waves?

A

Microwaves and radar are types of radio waves.

70
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging?

A

MRI, these are scans of the body that show the insides, such as a brain scan. They can see the energy that is released by the particles in the brain

71
Q

What are microwaves?

A

Microwaves have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency of all radio waves.

72
Q

How does a microwave work

A

Microwaves strongly affect water, so it makes the water in food vibrate quickly and heat up. Only food with water can be heated with microwaves.

73
Q

How do scientists use microwaves in space?

A

they send microwaves to space to study the composition, motion and structure of distant objects.

74
Q

What is radar?

A

Radar is used for tracking movement of automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft etc. Weather forcasting. Anything that can reflect the waves can be tracked.

75
Q

What is RADARSTAT?

A

RADARSTAT is a Canadian satellite that sweeps the ground below with radio waves, monitoring ice flow, oil sills, geographical features etc.

76
Q

What are infrared waves?

A

Infrared waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that compared to light has a longer wavelength and lower energy.

77
Q

What uses infrared in your home?

A

Your remote control, a CD reader, uses infrared light.

78
Q

What has more infrared energy?

A

A warmer item has more infrared energy.

79
Q

How is infrared used at airports?

A

They use infrared images to monitor heat from people to make sure arrivals do not have fevers and are bringing illnesses to Canada.

80
Q

Which wavelengths carry more energy than light?

A

Wavelengths that are shorter than visible light carry more energy: Ultraviolet, xrays, and gamma rays

81
Q

Where is ultraviolet found?

A

Ultraviolet is just beyond the violet spectrum.

82
Q

What is the difference between ultraviolet light and visible light?

A

Ultraviolet cannot be seen and it has a shorter wavelength and higher energy and frequency.

83
Q

How does your body use ultraviolet light?

A

Your body needs ultraviolet light to create Vitamin D.

84
Q

What happens if you get too much violet light?

A

with too much ultraviolet light you will get a sunburn and skin cancer, or damage to your eye surface.

85
Q

What are some good uses of ultraviolet light?

A

Ultraviolet light shows fingerprints on crime scenes and can kill bacteria in food

86
Q

what did Wilhelm Roentgen discover?

A

Wilhelm Roetgen discovered xray.

87
Q

How is xray different from ultraviolet light?

A

Xray has a shorter wavelength and higher energy and frequency than ultraviolet light.

88
Q

What are some uses of xrays?

A

Xrays are used to examine luggage at airports, your teeth at the dentist, airplane parts

89
Q

What are the highest energy and frequency and shortest wavelength waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Gamma rays are highest energy and frequency and have the shortest wavelength.

90
Q

How are gamma rays used?

A

Gamma rays are used in cancer treatment in focussed radiation spurts.

91
Q

Where do gamma rays come from

A

Gamma rays come from nuclear reactions and are produced by the hottest regions of the universe.

Science 8 (34 decks)

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