2. Circulation questions csv Flashcards
What is your heart similar to?
Your heart is similar to a pump
How hard and long does your heart work?
Your heart beats 70 times a minute for 80 years pushing 4 litres of blood a minute through your body
How big is your heart?
Your heart is about the size of a fist
What is the purpose of the heart?
The purpose of the heart is to pump blood through the body
How many chambers does the heart have?
The heart has four chambers
What are the names of the pairs of chambers?
There are two atria and two ventricles
What do atria do?
Atria allow the blood to move from the body to the heart
What do the ventricles do?
The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart
Why does it seem that a picture of the heart is mislabled?
The picture has the right atrium and right ventricle on the left side, because it is labeled like it sits in your body.
Why is the left ventricle muscle bigger than the right ventricle?
The left ventricle is bigger because it pumps blood to your whole body, but the right ventricle just pumps blood to your lungs.
What is between each chamber?
Valves are between each chamber
What is the ‘thub-thub’ sound you hear through a stethoscope?
The sound is the opening and closing of the valves
What system is the heart a part of?
The heart is part of the circulatory system?
What is the circulatory system like?
The circulatory system is like a highway that moves blood around the body
What are the roads in the circulatory system?
Blood vessels are the circulatory system.
If your blood vessles were lined up end to end, how long would they be?
Blood vessels would be 100 000 km in length
What are the three types of blood vessels?
the three types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins
What are arteries?
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart
What does oxygenated blood mean?
Oxygenated blood means blood that is full of oxygen
What keeps blood flowing in one direction?
Blood is under pressure as it comes out of the heart, which keeps it flowing in one direction
How can arteries withstand the pressure of blood?
Arteries are thick-walled and elastic which makes them strong
What is the largest artery in the body?
The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
How wide is the aorta?
The aorta is about the width of a penny 25 mm
What happens to the blood vessles the further away from the heart they are?
The blood vessels get smaller and smaller as they are further away from the heart.
What are the smallest arteries called?
The smallest arteries are called arterioles
What are capillaries?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that act like highway interchanges
What happens in capillaries?
oxygen, nutrients and glucose diffuse through the very thin walls of capillaries into the fluid that surrounds tissue cells. Carbon dioxide goes into the capillaries in exchange
What is no longer in blood once it leaves the capillaries?
Oxygen is gone from the blood once it leaves capillaries
What are the smallest veins?
The smallest veins are called venules
What two vessels empty into the heart?
The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava empty into the heart
How is de-oxygenated blood different than oxygenated blood?
De-oxygenated blood is thicker and darker. Pictures show it as blue
Where does blood become oxygenated again?
In your lungs, blood picks up oxygen again.
What is the purpose of valves in the veins?
Valves are in veins because there is no longer the pressure from the heart, so to stop blood flowing back to your feet, veins have valves to stop backflow
Why are vein walls thinner than artery walls?
Veins are thinner because the blood is no longer under pressure
What is unusual about the pulmonary vein?
The pulmonary vein is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood
What is unusual about the pulmonary artery?
The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body to carry de-oxygenated blood
What is the function of blood?
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients and water to cells. It carries carbon dioxide and waste away from your cells
What does blood contain?
Blood contains special cells to help fight infection and heal wounds.
55% of blood is what?
55% of blood is plasma
What is plasma
Plasma is a clear, yellowish fluid that contains proteins, minerals and other substances
What makes up the other 45% of blood
45% of blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
How fast are red blood cells made?
2 million red blood cells are made every second
What do red blood cells do?
Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to your cells, and carry carbon-dioxide away from cells to your lungs to be exhaled
Where are red blood cells made?
Red blood cells are made in bone marrow, and some in the liver and spleen
Where is bone marrow?
Bone marrow is in bone, such as inside your thigh bone.
What is inside red blood cells?
Red blood cells have protein molecules of hemoglobin which is what carries the oxygen and carbon dioxide
What do white blood cells do?
White blood cells fight inction and prevent the growth of cancer
What happens when you have an infection?
When you have an infection, your blood has more white blood cells
What size are white blood cells?
White blood cells are much bigger than red blood cells.
What are platelets?
Platelets are important for clotting blood.
What do platelets do?
Platelets sell the wound/cut by thickening the blood so a scab can form over a cut
How many platelets do you have?
There are 200 000-400 000 platelets in a drop of blood
