Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution: 1763-1775

Question 1

Mercantilism

Answer 1

• economy where a mother country exploits raw materials from their colony
• only benefits the mother country

Question 2

Navigation Laws

Answer 2

• law passed by Parliament to regulate mercantilism system
• aimed at rival Dutch shippers
• said all commerce flowing to/from the colonies could only be transported in British/colonial vessels

Question 3

Salutary Neglact

Answer 3

• British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II
• relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureaucrats
• let the United States grow and mature on its own with forms of self government

Question 4

John Hancock

Answer 4

• one of the first Americans to help make America’s fortune by wholesale smuggling
• first person to sign the Declaration of Independence
• also a patriot who openly rebelled against England

Question 5

George Grenville

Answer 5

• Prime Minister who authorized many Acts, Laws, and Taxes that repressed the Americans
• ordered British navy to strictly enforce Navigation Laws

Question 6

Sugar Act

Answer 6

• 1764
• a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses, placed by English Parliament
• colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors

Question 7

Quartering Act

Answer 7

• 1765

* forced Americans to house British soldiers and supply them with firewood, candles, beer, and etc

Question 8

Stamp Act

Answer 8

• 1765
• act that taxed all legal documents, playing cards, newspapers, and pamphlets, etc.
• never passed though due to angry colonist response

Question 9

Admiralty Courts

Answer 9

*in British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury

Question 10

Virtual Representation

Answer 10

*political theory that all members of Parliament represented British citizens, even the Americans

Question 11

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 11

• 1765
• 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies brought together in New York city
• drew statement of their rights/grievances & beseeched the king/Parliament to repeal the legislation
• request was ignored, it was a step towards unity

Question 12

Nonimportation Agreements

Answer 12

• agreements not to import goods from Great Britain
• were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts
• women made homemade clothes, food, etc.
• united the colonists.

Question 13

Homespun

Answer 13

*homemade cloths and clothing made so Americans did not have to buy from England during nonimportation agreements

Question 14

Sons of Liberty

Answer 14

• radical political organization for colonial independence
• formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act
• the Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere

Question 15

Declaratory Acts

Answer 15

• 1776
• asserted Parliamentary supremacy over the Americans in all cases
• repelled Stamp Acts

Question 16

Townshend Acts

Answer 16

• 1767
• taxes on imports of paper, glass, paint, lead, and tea
• angered the colonists
• did not produce any revenue so was repealed later except tax was kept on tea

Question 17

Indirect Tax

Answer 17

*taxes like the Townshed Acts that are indirect customs duty payable at ports

Question 18

Boston Massacure

Answer 18

• March 5, 1770
• first bloodshed of the American Revolution
• British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them
• 5 colonist were killed

Question 19

John Adams

Answer 19

• strong believer in colonial independence

* attended the Continental Congress and was the Second President

Question 20

King George III

Answer 20

*the reigning king before, during, and after the American Revolution

Question 21

Samuel Adams

Answer 21

• a leader of the Sons of Liberty and suggested the formation of the Committees of Correspondence
• led the Boston Tea Party and attended the First Continental Congress

Question 22

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 22

• created by Sam Adams
• a form of communication to inform villagers throughout Massachusetts about grievances
• idea was popular and copied

Question 23

British East India Company

Answer 23

• British company that monopolized tea sales in America

* undermined colonial tea merchants

Question 24

Boston Tea Party

Answer 24

• demonstration against tea tax (1773)
• led by citizens of Boston who disguised as Indians & raided three British ships in Boston harbor, then dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor

Question 25

Boston Port Act

Answer 25

• most drastic of the Coercive Acts

* closed all the harbors in Boston until damages were paid and order could be ensured after the Boston Tea Party

Question 26

Quartering Act of 1774

Answer 26

• another Coercive Act

* local authorities must provide homes for British soldiers

Question 27

Quebec Act

Answer 27

• guaranteed French their Catholic religion, many of their old customs, institutions, and old boundaries were extended southward all the way to the Ohio River
• aroused the anti-Catholics and angered the colonists

Question 28

First Continental Congress

Answer 28

• delegates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with Britain and to promote independence
• first concerted effort of American colonies to unite under a common cause towards secession from the British Crown

Question 29

Declaration of Rights

Answer 29

• document written by the First Continental Congress that stated the main concerns and wishes of the colonies
• rejected by Parliament

Question 30

The Association

Answer 30

• created by the Continental Congress
• called for a COMPLETE boycott of British goods
• violaters of this were tarred and feathered

Question 31

Minute Men

Answer 31

• colonial militia members who were supposed to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice
• fought in Lexington and Concord

Question 32

Lexington and Concord

Answer 32

• known as the “shot heard round the world” and beginning of the revolution
• British soldiers were looking for a cache of weapons and gunpowder owned by rebels

Question 33

Hessians

Answer 33

*German soldiers who the British payed to have them fight for England

Question 34

Tories

Answer 34

• “Loyalists”
• colonists who remained loyal to England
• often were older, better educated people who were members of the Anglican Church

Question 35

George Washington

Answer 35

• American commander-in-chief & first president
• put down Whiskey Rebellion (enforced Whiskey Tax)
• managed first presidential cabinet
• carefully used power of executive to avoid monarchial style rule

Question 36

Ben Franklin

Answer 36

*worked as a foreign diplomat in order to gain assistance from other countries

Question 37

Marquis de Lafayette

Answer 37

• wealthy young French nobleman who left France to be a major general in colonial army
• believed in the liberty that the Americans were fighting for
• became a general on Washington’s staff and fought hard

Question 38

Continentals

Answer 38

• paper money printed by Continental Congress

* worth almost nothing