Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution: 1763-1775 Flashcards
1
Q
Mercantilism
A
- economy where a mother country exploits raw materials from their colony
- only benefits the mother country
2
Q
Navigation Laws
A
- law passed by Parliament to regulate mercantilism system
- aimed at rival Dutch shippers
- said all commerce flowing to/from the colonies could only be transported in British/colonial vessels
3
Q
Salutary Neglact
A
- British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II
- relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureaucrats
- let the United States grow and mature on its own with forms of self government
4
Q
John Hancock
A
- one of the first Americans to help make America’s fortune by wholesale smuggling
- first person to sign the Declaration of Independence
- also a patriot who openly rebelled against England
5
Q
George Grenville
A
- Prime Minister who authorized many Acts, Laws, and Taxes that repressed the Americans
- ordered British navy to strictly enforce Navigation Laws
6
Q
Sugar Act
A
- 1764
- a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses, placed by English Parliament
- colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors
7
Q
Quartering Act
A
- 1765
* forced Americans to house British soldiers and supply them with firewood, candles, beer, and etc
8
Q
Stamp Act
A
- 1765
- act that taxed all legal documents, playing cards, newspapers, and pamphlets, etc.
- never passed though due to angry colonist response
9
Q
Admiralty Courts
A
*in British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury
10
Q
Virtual Representation
A
*political theory that all members of Parliament represented British citizens, even the Americans
11
Q
Stamp Act Congress
A
- 1765
- 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies brought together in New York city
- drew statement of their rights/grievances & beseeched the king/Parliament to repeal the legislation
- request was ignored, it was a step towards unity
12
Q
Nonimportation Agreements
A
- agreements not to import goods from Great Britain
- were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts
- women made homemade clothes, food, etc.
- united the colonists.
13
Q
Homespun
A
*homemade cloths and clothing made so Americans did not have to buy from England during nonimportation agreements
14
Q
Sons of Liberty
A
- radical political organization for colonial independence
- formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act
- the Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere
15
Q
Declaratory Acts
A
- 1776
- asserted Parliamentary supremacy over the Americans in all cases
- repelled Stamp Acts
16
Q
Townshend Acts
A
- 1767
- taxes on imports of paper, glass, paint, lead, and tea
- angered the colonists
- did not produce any revenue so was repealed later except tax was kept on tea
17
Q
Indirect Tax
A
*taxes like the Townshed Acts that are indirect customs duty payable at ports
18
Q
Boston Massacure
A
- March 5, 1770
- first bloodshed of the American Revolution
- British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them
- 5 colonist were killed
19
Q
John Adams
A
- strong believer in colonial independence
* attended the Continental Congress and was the Second President
20
Q
King George III
A
*the reigning king before, during, and after the American Revolution
21
Q
Samuel Adams
A
- a leader of the Sons of Liberty and suggested the formation of the Committees of Correspondence
- led the Boston Tea Party and attended the First Continental Congress
22
Q
Committees of Correspondence
A
- created by Sam Adams
- a form of communication to inform villagers throughout Massachusetts about grievances
- idea was popular and copied
23
Q
British East India Company
A
- British company that monopolized tea sales in America
* undermined colonial tea merchants
24
Q
Boston Tea Party
A
- demonstration against tea tax (1773)
- led by citizens of Boston who disguised as Indians & raided three British ships in Boston harbor, then dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor
25
Boston Port Act
* most drastic of the Coercive Acts
| * closed all the harbors in Boston until damages were paid and order could be ensured after the Boston Tea Party
26
Quartering Act of 1774
* another Coercive Act
| * local authorities must provide homes for British soldiers
27
Quebec Act
* guaranteed French their Catholic religion, many of their old customs, institutions, and old boundaries were extended southward all the way to the Ohio River
* aroused the anti-Catholics and angered the colonists
28
First Continental Congress
* delegates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with Britain and to promote independence
* first concerted effort of American colonies to unite under a common cause towards secession from the British Crown
29
Declaration of Rights
* document written by the First Continental Congress that stated the main concerns and wishes of the colonies
* rejected by Parliament
30
The Association
* created by the Continental Congress
* called for a COMPLETE boycott of British goods
* violaters of this were tarred and feathered
31
Minute Men
* colonial militia members who were supposed to be ready to fight at a minute's notice
* fought in Lexington and Concord
32
Lexington and Concord
* known as the "shot heard round the world" and beginning of the revolution
* British soldiers were looking for a cache of weapons and gunpowder owned by rebels
33
Hessians
*German soldiers who the British payed to have them fight for England
34
Tories
* "Loyalists"
* colonists who remained loyal to England
* often were older, better educated people who were members of the Anglican Church
35
George Washington
* American commander-in-chief & first president
* put down Whiskey Rebellion (enforced Whiskey Tax)
* managed first presidential cabinet
* carefully used power of executive to avoid monarchial style rule
36
Ben Franklin
*worked as a foreign diplomat in order to gain assistance from other countries
37
Marquis de Lafayette
* wealthy young French nobleman who left France to be a major general in colonial army
* believed in the liberty that the Americans were fighting for
* became a general on Washington's staff and fought hard
38
Continentals
* paper money printed by Continental Congress
| * worth almost nothing
