Chapter 11: Triumphs and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy: 1800-1812

Question 1

John Adams

Answer 1

• ran for president again but was not chosen due to taxes he had previously approved and his relationship with France
• last Federalist president of the US

Question 2

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 2

• (1801-1809) democratic-republican
• 3rd President of the United States
• made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it

Question 3

Whispering Campaign

Answer 3

• Jefferson was accused of having an affair with one of his slaves
• leaked during his election for presidency

Question 4

Aaron Burr

Answer 4

• a running mate with Thomas Jefferson
• third Vice President of the US
• killed Alexander Hamilton in a famous duel
• was tried and acquitted for treason involving a plan to separate the US and combine with Spain

Question 5

Pell-mell

Answer 5

*seating without regard to rank at the White House

Question 6

Albert Gallatin

Answer 6

• Swiss Born treasury secretary who disliked national debt

* kept most Hamiltonian economic measures in effect

Question 7

Judiciary Act of 1801

Answer 7

• passed by the expiring Federalist Congress

* created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices

Question 8

Midnight Judges

Answer 8

• Federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency
• positions were revoked when the newly elected Republican Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801

Question 9

John Marshall

Answer 9

• federalist supreme court justice whose brilliant legal efforts established the principle of judicial review
• federalist party lived on through him

Question 10

Barbary States

Answer 10

• place where North African pirates commenced to plunder and blackmail American merchant ships
• led to Jefferson’s only navy exploits

Question 11

Shores of Tripoli

Answer 11

*sight of the fighting between the US Navy and the Barbary pirates

Question 12

New Orleans

Answer 12

*city at the mouth of the Mississippi River that was a vital port for the US during the Lousiana Godsend

Question 13

James Monroe and Robert Livingston

Answer 13

*made a magnificent deal to purchase Louisiana territory when they only initially intended to purchase New Orleans

Question 14

Napoleon

Answer 14

*convinced the king of Spain to give Louisiana land area to France in 1800

Question 15

Toussaint L’Overture

Answer 15

*gifted black revolutionary whose successful slave revolution indirectly led to Napoleon’s sale of Louisiana

Question 16

Lewis and Clark

Answer 16

• explorers who were sent to survey the land in Louisiana

* met Sacajawea who helped them through the land

Question 17

Sacajawea

Answer 17

*Shoshoni, first woman who aided Lewis & Clark in their expedition

Question 18

Zebulun Pike

Answer 18

• American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named
• his expedition mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase

Question 19

James Wilkinson

Answer 19

• the corrupt military governor of Louisiana Territory

* commanded two unsuccessful campaigns in the St. Lawrence theater during the War of 1812

Question 20

Orders in Council

Answer 20

• edicts issued by the British Crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping
• French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thus cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties

Question 21

Impressment

Answer 21

*British policy that stopped American trading shifts and forced sailors to work in the British Navy which helped to start the War of 1812

Question 22

James Madison

Answer 22

• father of the Federalist party and the fourth President of the United States
• President during the war of 1812 and was also Vice-President under Jefferson
• a great statesman but was not a strong president

Question 23

Macon’s Bill No. 2

Answer 23

• sparked war of 1812

* reopened American trade with the entire world

Question 24

War Hawks

Answer 24

• Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain
• resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier

Question 25

Henry Clay

Answer 25

• known for his efforts to keep the United States one nation despite sharp controversy among Americans over slavery
• known as the “Great Pacificator”

Question 26

Tecumseh

Answer 26

• Shawnee chief that took arms against American settlers moving into the Middle West
• supported the British in the War of 1812, in which he was killed.

Question 27

The Prophet

Answer 27

*name given to Tecumseh’s brother and co-leader of the unification movement

Question 28

William Henry Harrison

Answer 28

• Indiana territory governor who fought and beat the Prophet

* ended hope of a First American confederacy