Chapter 2: The Planting Of English America: 1500-1733

Question 1

Henry VIII

Answer 1

*broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s

Question 1

Catholic Ireland

Answer 1

• sought help from Catholic Spain to over through Queen Elizabeth
• was crushed by the Protestant Queen

Question 2

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 2

• was a Protestant that ascended to the English throne in 1558
• crushed the Catholic Irish uprising: confiscated land and planted them with new Protestant landlords
• financial backer of Francis Drake, knighted him

Question 4

Francis Drake

Answer 4

• famous semi-piratical sea dog from England
• invaded Spanish boats and in 1580 returned with lots of Spanish booty
• was knighted by Queen Elizabeth

Question 5

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 5

• 1585, North Carolina’s Roanoke Island
• tried to colonize the area, but the colony vanished
• credited with introducing tobacco and the potato to England.

Question 6

Virginia

Answer 6

• named in honor of Elizabeth the “Virginia Queen”

* 1624, became a direct colony under control of James I

Question 7

Spanish Armada

Answer 7

• marked the beginning and the end of Spanish imperial dreams
• ships originally used to invade England
• was beaten by the English sea dogs and were wiped out by a storm
• defeat gave England control of seas

Question 8

Primogeniture

Answer 8

• law that said only oldest son could inherit land
  ex: Gilbert, Raleigh, and Drake
• created the need for a joint-stock company

Question 9

Joint-stock Company

Answer 9

• enabled “adventures” to pool their capital

* provided financial means for settlers in New World

Question 10

Virginia Company

Answer 10

• joint-stock company, received charter from King James I of England to settle in New World
• intended to take profits only, not long term
• charter guaranteed overseas settlers same rights as Englishmen
• landed near James river, called the place Jamestown

Question 11

Jamestown

Answer 11

• town settled by British Virginia Company, 1607
• original intent to make money
• only few settlers survived after starvation, disease and malnutrition
• flourished when tobacco was introduced

Question 12

Powhatan

Answer 12

• Indian chieftain
• captured and almost executed captain John Smith
• father of Pocohantus

Question 13

Starving Time

Answer 13

*winter of 1609-0610
*many deaths in Jamestown
*people were forced to eat dogs, cats, mice, dead bodies, one man ate his wife
only 40/100 survived

Question 14

Lord De La Warr

Answer 14

• governor that headed relief party for Jamestown
• ordered settlers to go back to colony
• undertook aggressive military action (declared war) against the Indians
• leader of the English in the Anglo-Powhatan wars

Question 15

Powhatan’s Confederacy

Answer 15

• the grouping of tribes that Powhatan gained power of

* lack unity to make effective opposition to the whites

Question 16

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Answer 16

• wars between De La Warr and the Powhatan
• Powhatan were severely defeated both times
• peace treaty in 1646 eliminated chance for peaceful co-existance

Question 17

John Rolfe

Answer 17

• husband of Pocohantus
• 1st interracial marriage in Virginia
• died in a series of Indian attacks in 1622
• was father of tobacco and economic savior of Virginia colony

Question 18

Tobacco

Answer 18

• introduced into Jamestown by John Rolfe
• became major crop sold to England for huge profits
• gave Virginia back its economic stand

Question 19

House of Burgesses

Answer 19

• authorized the settlers to summon an assembly

* one of the first mini parliaments to flourish on American soil

Question 20

Lord Baltimore

Answer 20

• founded Maryland, 1634
• used Maryland to live with his fellow Catholics that were being persecuted
• permitted unusual freedom of worship to gain toleration

Question 21

Indentured Servents

Answer 21

• found in Maryland for tobacco farms

* penniless people that worked off their travel fees for years

Question 22

Act of Toleration

Answer 22

• guaranteed toleration to all Christians in Maryland

* death penalty for those who denied the divinity of Jesus (atheists and Jews)

Question 23

West Indies

Answer 23

• economy completely based on sugar
• colonized by British
• predominatly black slaves, few English authority and land owners
• depended on America for food-stuff and common items

Question 24

Sugar

Answer 24

• rich mans crop used as cash crop in West Indies

* very labor intensive

Question 25

Barbados Slave Code

Answer 25

• denied the most fundamental rights to slaves

* inspired other slave codes (such as that in Carolina in 1670)

Question 26

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 26

*Puritan soldier and ruler of England for nearly a decade after Charles I was beheaded

Question 27

Charles II

Answer 27

• son of King Charles I that restored the throne in 1660

* granted 8 of his court favorites (Lords Proprieties) an expanse of land

Question 28

Rice

Answer 28

• the principal export crop in Carolina

* premium prices were paid to those slaves who knew rice irrigation

Question 29

Tuscarora

Answer 29

• American Indian tribe crushed by North Carolina

* joined the Iroquois confederacy

Question 30

James Oglethorpe

Answer 30

• soldier-statesman that founded Georgia
• originally wanted Georgia to be a debtors state
• saved the colony by his leadership and heavily mortgaging his own personal fortune

Question 31

The Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 31

• bound together 5 Native American nations: Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas (later absorbed Tuscaroras)
• lived side by side in long houses
• dominated fur-trade with white settlers
• founded by Deganawidah & Hiawatha

Question 32

Deganawidah

Answer 32

*founded the Iroquois Confereacy

Question 33

Hiawatha

Answer 33

*founded the Iroquois Confereacy

Question 34

Five Nations

Answer 34

• banded together to end generations of violent warfare
• joined Iroquois confederacy but kept their own separate lives
• vanquished their rivals (Hurons, Eries, Petuns)