Chapter 16: The South And The Slavery Controversy: 1793-1860

Question 0

Cotton Gin

Answer 0

• invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

* caused a huge increase in profits of cotton and slavery increase due to plantation expansion

Question 1

“King Cotton”

Answer 1

• around 1840s cotton was 1/2 of American export, 1/2 or world export and, 3/4 of all cotton imported in Britain
• cotton was king, the gin was his throne and the slaves were his henchmen

Question 2

Chivalry

Answer 2

• the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code
• the high class plantation south attempted to revitalize this in 1800s

Question 3

One crop economy

Answer 3

• the southern economy during time of king cotton

* caused a very unstable economy due to uncontrollable circumstances

Question 4

Yeoman Farmer

Answer 4

• a man holding and cultivating a small landed estate
• normally owned a few slaves
• owners would work in the fields with the slaves to make a profit

Question 5

Hillbilly

Answer 5

• also known as crackers and clay eaters
• white people too poor to own a slave
• made up about 3/4 of the southern whites
• often times suffered from malnutrition, viruses and bacterias like hookworm

Question 6

Emancipate

Answer 6

• freed from slavery
• many slaves were actually emancipated, many owned land and some even owned slaves
• many were mulattoes

Question 7

Mulattoes

Answer 7

• children of white masters and their black mistresses
• many were free
• large mulatto community in New Orleans

Question 8

Chattel

Answer 8

• a personal possession
• a term for slaves
• about 4 million in population by 1860 due to reproduction

Question 9

Natural Increase

Answer 9

• natural birth and reproduction
• the primary way slaves reproduced
• made America different from any other slave society

Question 10

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 10

*wrote Uncle Toms Cabin: book primarily about struggling with slavery such as family separation in slave auctions

Question 11

Overseer

Answer 11

• also known as black drivers

* white men in the fields that whipped slaves in order to keep them working

Question 12

Breaker

Answer 12

• whites that excelled in breaking the will of uncontrollable slaves
• would whip slaves senselessly

Question 13

Old South

Answer 13

• more settles than the Deep South

* small farmers with slaves that were less rich and vigorous

Question 14

Deep South

Answer 14

• where most slaves were concentrated
• stretched from South Carolina and Georgia to Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana
• area where cotton had explosively grown
• life was harder here than the Old Sout

Question 15

Peculiar Institution

Answer 15

*refers to system if black slavery and economic status in the southern states

Question 16

Gabriel Prosser

Answer 16

• slave from Richmond, Virginia

* led an armed insurrection that was foiled by informers in 1800

Question 17

Denmark Vesey

Answer 17

• a free black that led another rebellion in Charleston in 1822
• also foiled, Vesey and 30+ others were hung from the gallows

Question 18

Nat Turner

Answer 18

• visionary black preacher
• led an uprising that slaughtered about 60 Virginians, mostly women and children
• reprisals were swift and bloody

Question 19

Abolition

Answer 19

• getting rid of a certain system such as slavery

* abolition started as early as 1787 in some areas such as the Old Northwest

Question 20

The American Colonization Society

Answer 20

• founded in 1817
• focused on transporting free slaves back to Africa, primarily in the Republic of Liberia that was established for black colonization

Question 21

Arthur and Lewis Tappan

Answer 21

• New York merchants that financially supported Theodore Dwight Weld
• paid Weld’s way to Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio

Question 22

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 22

• published the anti slavery paper The Liberator
• wanted immediate slavery change but did not have any real plans
• took drastic measures such as burning a copy of the Constitution

Question 23

Wendell Phillips

Answer 23

• Boston patrician known as “abolition’s golden trumpet”

* had strict principals and would not eat sugar cane or wear cotton due to the slavery involved with making it

Question 24

Sojourner Truth

Answer 24

• free black woman in New York

* fought for emancipation and women’s rughts

Question 25

Fredrick Douglas

Answer 25

• freed black slave (technically mulatto) that could read and write
• looked to politics to end slavery
• wrote his own book Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglas

Question 26

Eugene Genovese

Answer 26

*conceded that slavery embraced a strange form of paternalism, a system that reflected slave owners need to coax work out of their “investments”

Question 27

“Sambo”

Answer 27

*the stereotype view of slaves being as a child

Question 28

Kenneth Stampp

Answer 28

*rejected the “sambo” stereotype and stressed the frequency and variety of slave resistance

Question 29

Lawrence Levine

Answer 29

*believed the “sambo” stereotype was an act, an image used to confound their masters without being punishedd