Chapter 6: The Duel for North America: 1608-1763 Flashcards
French Huguenots
- clashed with Roman Catholics in France
- 10,000 butchered in cold blood on St. Bartholomew’s day, 1572
- Edict of Nantes granted limited toleration to
Quebec
- established by Samuel de Champlain
* commanded Lawrence river
Samuel de Champlain
- French explorer who established Quebec
- known as “Father of France”
- allied with Huron Indians
Huron Indians
- allied with Samuel de Champlain
* Iroquois were their enemy
Iroquois Tribes
- enemies of French-helped Huron Indians
* occasionally raided French settlements after battle including French and Huron Indians
Robert de La Salle
- Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico
- claimed and named Louisianna after King Louis XIV
King William’s War
- 1689-1697
- pitted British colonists against French trappers
- primitive styled guerrilla warfare
Queen Anne’s War
- 1702-1713
- pitted British colonists against French trappers
- primitive styled guerrilla warfare
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
- peace terms after France and allied Spain were defeated, vs. British
- Britain awarded French populated Acadia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
- this pinched the St. Lawrence settlements
Acadia
- given to British in Treaty of Utrecht
* British uprooted almost all Acadians and forced them to move to Louisiana area (called Cajuns)
War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739)
- land right between Britain and Spain over Georgia and trading rights
- took place in the Caribbean and on the Florida/Georgia border
- named after British captain Jenkin, his ear was cut off by the Spanish in the war
George Washington
- led troops (unsuccessful) during the French and Indian War
- surrendered Fort Necessity to the French
- appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (more successful)
Fort Duquesne
- French fort built where the Allegheny and the Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio river
- later captured and name Fort Pitt
Fort Necessity (1754)
- rickety fort built by Washington and his men
- after an unsuccessful attack on a nearby French fort, the French countered by trapping Washington and his soldiers in their own fort
- Washington was forced to surrender his entire command
French and Indian/Seven Years War (1754-1763)
- war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley
- English defeated French in 1763
- established England as #1 world power
Albany Congress (1754)
*meeting with 7/13 colonies to: discuss/improve relations with the Indian tribes & common defensive measures against the French.
Gen. Edward Braddock
- British commander during the French and Indian War
- attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755
- was mortally wounded and defeated by French/Indians
William Pitt
- a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, “Great Commoner” & “The Organizer of Victory”
- hired men like James Wolfe to capture Quebec and Montreal
- captured Louisbourg himself
- ended the Seven Years War.
Louisbourg (1758)
- strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers & handed back to the French
- finally conquered again by the British in 1759
- first significant British victory of the Seven Years War
Gen. James Wolfe
*English general that led troops up steep cliff to capture Quebec, succeeded (marked the end of the French/Indian War)
Quebec (1759)/Montreal (1760)
*after both French cities fell, the French empire in Canada was over
Peace of Paris (1763)
- ended Seven Years War
* France lost Canada & land east of the Mississippi to British; lost New Orleans & west of Mississippi to Spain
Chief Pontiac’s War (1763)
- post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763, Indians attempted to prevent British spreading past the Appalacian mountains
- led by Chief Pontiac and other Indian peoples
Daniel Boone
- early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west
- Wilderness Road became main route through the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation of 1763
- law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains to prevent more Indian attacks
- English were enraged by law and moves West anyways
