Chapter 6: The Duel for North America: 1608-1763

Question 1

French Huguenots

Answer 1

• clashed with Roman Catholics in France
• 10,000 butchered in cold blood on St. Bartholomew’s day, 1572
• Edict of Nantes granted limited toleration to

Question 2

Quebec

Answer 2

• established by Samuel de Champlain

* commanded Lawrence river

Question 3

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 3

• French explorer who established Quebec
• known as “Father of France”
• allied with Huron Indians

Question 4

Huron Indians

Answer 4

• allied with Samuel de Champlain

* Iroquois were their enemy

Question 5

Iroquois Tribes

Answer 5

• enemies of French-helped Huron Indians

* occasionally raided French settlements after battle including French and Huron Indians

Question 6

Robert de La Salle

Answer 6

• Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico
• claimed and named Louisianna after King Louis XIV

Question 7

King William’s War

Answer 7

• 1689-1697
• pitted British colonists against French trappers
• primitive styled guerrilla warfare

Question 8

Queen Anne’s War

Answer 8

• 1702-1713
• pitted British colonists against French trappers
• primitive styled guerrilla warfare

Question 9

Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

Answer 9

• peace terms after France and allied Spain were defeated, vs. British
• Britain awarded French populated Acadia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
• this pinched the St. Lawrence settlements

Question 10

Acadia

Answer 10

• given to British in Treaty of Utrecht

* British uprooted almost all Acadians and forced them to move to Louisiana area (called Cajuns)

Question 11

War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739)

Answer 11

• land right between Britain and Spain over Georgia and trading rights
• took place in the Caribbean and on the Florida/Georgia border
• named after British captain Jenkin, his ear was cut off by the Spanish in the war

Question 12

George Washington

Answer 12

• led troops (unsuccessful) during the French and Indian War
• surrendered Fort Necessity to the French
• appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (more successful)

Question 13

Fort Duquesne

Answer 13

• French fort built where the Allegheny and the Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio river
• later captured and name Fort Pitt

Question 14

Fort Necessity (1754)

Answer 14

• rickety fort built by Washington and his men
• after an unsuccessful attack on a nearby French fort, the French countered by trapping Washington and his soldiers in their own fort
• Washington was forced to surrender his entire command

Question 15

French and Indian/Seven Years War (1754-1763)

Answer 15

• war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley
• English defeated French in 1763
• established England as #1 world power

Question 16

Albany Congress (1754)

Answer 16

*meeting with 7/13 colonies to: discuss/improve relations with the Indian tribes & common defensive measures against the French.

Question 17

Gen. Edward Braddock

Answer 17

• British commander during the French and Indian War
• attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755
• was mortally wounded and defeated by French/Indians

Question 18

William Pitt

Answer 18

• a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, “Great Commoner” & “The Organizer of Victory”
• hired men like James Wolfe to capture Quebec and Montreal
• captured Louisbourg himself
• ended the Seven Years War.

Question 19

Louisbourg (1758)

Answer 19

• strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers & handed back to the French
• finally conquered again by the British in 1759
• first significant British victory of the Seven Years War

Question 20

Gen. James Wolfe

Answer 20

*English general that led troops up steep cliff to capture Quebec, succeeded (marked the end of the French/Indian War)

Question 21

Quebec (1759)/Montreal (1760)

Answer 21

*after both French cities fell, the French empire in Canada was over

Question 22

Peace of Paris (1763)

Answer 22

• ended Seven Years War

* France lost Canada & land east of the Mississippi to British; lost New Orleans & west of Mississippi to Spain

Question 23

Chief Pontiac’s War (1763)

Answer 23

• post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763, Indians attempted to prevent British spreading past the Appalacian mountains
• led by Chief Pontiac and other Indian peoples

Question 24

Daniel Boone

Answer 24

• early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west
• Wilderness Road became main route through the Appalachian Mountains

Question 25

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 25

• law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains to prevent more Indian attacks
• English were enraged by law and moves West anyways