Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century: 1607-1692

Question 1

Freedom Dues

Answer 1

• granted to indentured servants who completed their time

* usually consisted of: clothing, land, and food

Question 2

Headright System

Answer 2

• land grants to those who brought laborers to America

* primarily benefited wealthy planters rather than the poor indentured servants.

Question 3

William Berkeley

Answer 3

• governor of Virginia

* chased out of Jamestown by Bacon’s rebellion as the capital was set on fire

Question 4

Nathaniel Bacon

Answer 4

*agitator who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersmen on a rampage against Indians and colonial government (Bacon’s Rebellion)

Question 5

Royal African Company

Answer 5

*English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698

Question 6

Middle Passage

Answer 6

• transatlantic sea voyage that brought slaves to the colonies
• close quarters allowed disease to easily spread
• many slaves did not survive the 20% death rate

Question 7

Slave Codes

Answer 7

• statuses that formally decreed the iron conditions of slavery for blacks
• when blacks and their children become the property for life of their masters

Question 8

Chattel Slavery

Answer 8

*term referring to someones property of black slaves

Question 9

Gullah

Answer 9

*dialect developed by African American slaves that blended English with Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa

Question 10

Stono Rebellion

Answer 10

• slave revolt in 1739
• slaves left South Carolina attempting to reach Spanish Florida
• was put down by local militia forces

Question 11

Plantations

Answer 11

• large lot of fields used for cultivating
• usually places where slaves and indentured servants did their main source of labor
• usually owned by a family or one person

Question 12

Yeoman Farmers

Answer 12

• independent farmers living on smaller family sized farms

* usually did not own slaves

Question 13

The Scarlet Letter

Answer 13

• book written by Nathaniel Hawthorn in 1850

* based on the capital “A” cut out and put on woman’s clothes that committed adultery

Question 14

Harvard

Answer 14

*school established in 1636 by Puritans in Massachusetts to train boys to become ministers

Question 15

Town Meetings

Answer 15

• the basic local political institution of New England

* all freemen gathered to elect officials and debate local affairs

Question 16

Jeremiad

Answer 16

• new form of sermon heard from Puritan pulpits

* taken from the doom-saying Old Testiminte Jeremia

Question 17

Conversions

Answer 17

*the decline of religious devotion which inspired the Half-Way Covenant and jeremiad preaching

Question 18

Half-Way Covenant

Answer 18

• allowed baptism to the children of existing members of the church
• this partial membership kept religious influence but weakened the power of the church

Question 19

Yankee Ingenuity

Answer 19

• scratching a living from the protesting earth

* ex: palming off wooden nutmegs

Question 20

Leisler’s Rebellion

Answer 20

*small New York revolt of 1689-1691 that reflected class antagonism between landlords and merchants