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APUSH > Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies: 1619-1700 > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies: 1619-1700 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

John Calvin

A
  • intense religious leader that wrote “Institutes of the Christian Religion”
  • created Calvinism from expanding Martin Luther’s protests
  • created the “predestination” idea, souls that were elect or dammed, no in between
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2
Q

Conversion Experience

A
  • Calvinist’s experience with God that let the elect know their heavenly destiny
  • more of a social purpose than religous
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3
Q

Church of England

A
  • King Henry was made head of after his break with the Roman Catholic Church
  • Puritians attempted to reform it, they did not suceed
  • enrollled all of the King’s subjects
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4
Q

Puritans

A
  • English religious reformers that tried to reform Church of England
  • believed only visible saints should be enrolled in church
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5
Q

Separatists

A
  • tiny group of Puritans that vowed to break away from Church of England
  • was harassed out of the land by King James I
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6
Q

Mayflower

A
  • the name of the boat of the people that settled in Plymouth
  • one person died and one was born on it
  • 65 days at sea and missed their destination
  • sailed back to England in spring
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7
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • an agreement to form crude gov. that agreed upon majority

* signed by 41 adult males

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8
Q

Plymouth

A
  • the chosen spot for the pilgrims to settle down in
  • outside of the Virginia Company so the pilgrims were without legal right to the land
  • economic legs in fur (beavers), fish, and lumber
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9
Q

William Bradford

A
  • leader of the pilgrims

* worried that non-Puritan settlers would corrupt their village

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10
Q

Puritans

A

*Christian denomination that broke away from the Catholic church during the Protestant Reformation
*wanted to reinvent Catholic church
came to America and pioneered Massachusetts Bay Colony

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11
Q

Charles I

A
  • got rid of Parliament in 1629

* sanctioned the Puritan persecutions of the Archbishop William Laud

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12
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A
  • settled in 1629 by non-Separatist Puritans
  • focused solely on religious importance
  • John Winthrop was the provincial governer
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13
Q

Great Migration

A
  • 70,000 who emigrated from England in 1630-1642
  • 20,000 went to New England
  • 48,000 went to the West Indies
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14
Q

John Winthrop

A
  • first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • nicknamed it “city upon a hill”
  • helped the colony prosper in fur trading, fishing, and ship-building
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15
Q

Freemen

A
  • only people who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (adult Puritan males)
  • belonged to the Puritan congregations
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16
Q

Bible Commonwealth

A

*name for the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of religious devotion

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17
Q

Protestant Ethic

A
  • part of Puritanism in the Bay Colony

* included serious commitment of work & engagement in worldly pursuits

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18
Q

Anne Hutchison

A
  • held unorthodox views that challenged clergy and the Bay Colony
  • banished and found new home in Rhode Island
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19
Q

Antinomiaism

A
  • thought that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation

* the truly saved doesn’t need to obey the law of God or man

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20
Q

Roger Williams

A
  • thought the Bay Colony was unfair to Indians & government shouldn’t regulate religious behavior
  • banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635
  • arrived in Rhode Island in 1636 and built a Baptist church & made complete freedom of religion and sheltered Jews, Catholics, and Quakers
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21
Q

Freedom of Religion

A
  • established in Rhode Island for all religions

* complete tolerance and no taxes on church

22
Q

Thomas Hooker

A
  • leader of Boston Puritans
  • swept in and took control of the Connecticut River Valley
  • created Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
23
Q

Fundamental Orders

A
  • created in 1639 by Thomas Hooker

* constitution of Connecticut where the regime was democratically controlled by citizens

24
Q

Squanto

A
  • Wampanoag Indian (in Plymouth Bay) who knew English from being kidnapped earlier in life
  • helped keep peaceful relations between the English and the Wampanoag for a small period of time
25
Q

Massasoit

A
  • chief of Plymouth area Wampanoag

* signed treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate first Thanksgiving

26
Q

Pequot War

A
  • in 1637, English settlers and Pequot Indians
  • at Connecticut Mystic River, burned wigwams and shot survivors
  • Pequot was annihilated
27
Q

Praying Towns

A

*Puritan towns that a few Indians went to in order to learn the English God and ways of English culture

28
Q

Metacom (King Philip)

A
  • son of Massasoit

* forged inter-tribal alliance and assaulted frontier settlements

29
Q

King Phillip’s War

A
  • slowed English westward march in New England and drastically reduced threat of Indians
  • lead by King Philip (Metacom)
30
Q

New England Confederation

A
  • inter-colonial alliance formed in 1643 between Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered Connecticut valley settlements
  • purpose: to provide defense against Indians, French, and Dutch
  • each colony had two votes
  • first united representative government in America
31
Q

Charles II

A
  • restored to English throne in 1660

* determined to take an active, aggressive hand in management of the colonies (implemented Dominion of New England)

32
Q

Dominion of New England

A
  • created by crown (included NY and East and West Jersey) for protection against Indians and to promote English Navigation Laws
  • inter-colonial alliance imposed by England
33
Q

Navigation Laws

A
  • English laws that ended legal trade between colonies and non-English countries
  • resulted in resentment and smuggling
34
Q

Edmund Andros

A
  • English-placed leader of the Dominion of New England
  • despised for affiliation with Church of England and for heavy restrictions (taxation without representation)
  • sent back to England by Boston mob
35
Q

Glorious Revolution

A
  • took place in England in 1688-1689
  • bloodlessly replaced Catholic James II with Protestant Dutch William II and English Mary
  • inspired colonists to the point that a Boston mob sent Andros back to England
36
Q

William and Mary

A

*Protestant Dutch King and English Queen who replaced Catholic James II as monarchs of England during the Glorious Revolution

37
Q

Salutary Neglect

A
  • new monarchs (William and Mary) relaxed grip on colonial trade
  • colonies had to rely on themselves and got a taste of independence
38
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

*hired explorer Henry Hudson who landed in America

39
Q

Henry Hudson

A

*Dutch-hired English explorer who ventured into Delaware and NY bay and Hudson River in 1609

40
Q

New Amsterdam

A
  • a company town run by and for Dutch company in interest of stockholders
  • had no enthusiastic religious tolerance, free speech or democratic practices
  • attracted a cosmopolitan population with many different languages
  • later named New York
41
Q

Patroonships

A

*vast feudal estates fronting the Hudson river

42
Q

Wall Street

A

*street named after giant wall that was supposed to keep Indians and other unwanted people out

43
Q

New Sweden

A
  • colony built by Swedes on Delaware river
  • overtaken and absorbed by the Dutch
  • introduced log cabins
44
Q

Log Cabins

A

*the first in America brought by the Swedes

45
Q

Duke of York

A
  • led a strong English squadron into New Amsterdam and took it over without having to fire a shot
  • man that New York was named after
46
Q

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

A
  • religious group that arose in England in the mid 1600’s who were politically and religiously offensive to officials
  • left their homes and moved to Pennsylvania where they wouldn’t be prosectued
47
Q

William Penn

A
  • Quaker that fled to New World for religious freedom
  • liberal government, and money
  • secured land grant in 1681 and named it Pennsylvania after his father
48
Q

East New Jersey

A
  • started in 1664 by a proprietor that was given the land from Duke of York
  • acquired in later years by Quakers
  • combined with West New Jersey in 1702
49
Q

West New Jersey

A
  • started in 1664 by a proprietor that was given the land from Duke of York
  • sold in 1674 to some Quakers before the set up of Pennsylvania
  • combined with East New Jersey in 1702
50
Q

Delaware

A
  • Swedish tinged that contained only 3 counties

* granted its own assembly in 1703 but until American revolution it remained under the governor of Pensylvania

51
Q

Middle Colonies

A
  • colonies of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania that had several shared features
  • most interracial area compared to other colonies
  • nice blend of Old England styles and new inspirations, but not as radical as those in the south
52
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A
  • child of middle colonies that moved to Philadelphia at age 17
  • modern minded and the most respective American personality of his era

APUSH (14 decks)

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