Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies: 1619-1700 Flashcards
John Calvin
- intense religious leader that wrote “Institutes of the Christian Religion”
- created Calvinism from expanding Martin Luther’s protests
- created the “predestination” idea, souls that were elect or dammed, no in between
Conversion Experience
- Calvinist’s experience with God that let the elect know their heavenly destiny
- more of a social purpose than religous
Church of England
- King Henry was made head of after his break with the Roman Catholic Church
- Puritians attempted to reform it, they did not suceed
- enrollled all of the King’s subjects
Puritans
- English religious reformers that tried to reform Church of England
- believed only visible saints should be enrolled in church
Separatists
- tiny group of Puritans that vowed to break away from Church of England
- was harassed out of the land by King James I
Mayflower
- the name of the boat of the people that settled in Plymouth
- one person died and one was born on it
- 65 days at sea and missed their destination
- sailed back to England in spring
Mayflower Compact
- an agreement to form crude gov. that agreed upon majority
* signed by 41 adult males
Plymouth
- the chosen spot for the pilgrims to settle down in
- outside of the Virginia Company so the pilgrims were without legal right to the land
- economic legs in fur (beavers), fish, and lumber
William Bradford
- leader of the pilgrims
* worried that non-Puritan settlers would corrupt their village
Puritans
*Christian denomination that broke away from the Catholic church during the Protestant Reformation
*wanted to reinvent Catholic church
came to America and pioneered Massachusetts Bay Colony
Charles I
- got rid of Parliament in 1629
* sanctioned the Puritan persecutions of the Archbishop William Laud
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- settled in 1629 by non-Separatist Puritans
- focused solely on religious importance
- John Winthrop was the provincial governer
Great Migration
- 70,000 who emigrated from England in 1630-1642
- 20,000 went to New England
- 48,000 went to the West Indies
John Winthrop
- first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
- nicknamed it “city upon a hill”
- helped the colony prosper in fur trading, fishing, and ship-building
Freemen
- only people who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (adult Puritan males)
- belonged to the Puritan congregations
Bible Commonwealth
*name for the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of religious devotion
Protestant Ethic
- part of Puritanism in the Bay Colony
* included serious commitment of work & engagement in worldly pursuits
Anne Hutchison
- held unorthodox views that challenged clergy and the Bay Colony
- banished and found new home in Rhode Island
Antinomiaism
- thought that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation
* the truly saved doesn’t need to obey the law of God or man
Roger Williams
- thought the Bay Colony was unfair to Indians & government shouldn’t regulate religious behavior
- banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635
- arrived in Rhode Island in 1636 and built a Baptist church & made complete freedom of religion and sheltered Jews, Catholics, and Quakers
Freedom of Religion
- established in Rhode Island for all religions
* complete tolerance and no taxes on church
Thomas Hooker
- leader of Boston Puritans
- swept in and took control of the Connecticut River Valley
- created Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Fundamental Orders
- created in 1639 by Thomas Hooker
* constitution of Connecticut where the regime was democratically controlled by citizens
Squanto
- Wampanoag Indian (in Plymouth Bay) who knew English from being kidnapped earlier in life
- helped keep peaceful relations between the English and the Wampanoag for a small period of time
Massasoit
- chief of Plymouth area Wampanoag
* signed treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate first Thanksgiving
Pequot War
- in 1637, English settlers and Pequot Indians
- at Connecticut Mystic River, burned wigwams and shot survivors
- Pequot was annihilated
Praying Towns
*Puritan towns that a few Indians went to in order to learn the English God and ways of English culture
Metacom (King Philip)
- son of Massasoit
* forged inter-tribal alliance and assaulted frontier settlements
King Phillip’s War
- slowed English westward march in New England and drastically reduced threat of Indians
- lead by King Philip (Metacom)
New England Confederation
- inter-colonial alliance formed in 1643 between Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered Connecticut valley settlements
- purpose: to provide defense against Indians, French, and Dutch
- each colony had two votes
- first united representative government in America
Charles II
- restored to English throne in 1660
* determined to take an active, aggressive hand in management of the colonies (implemented Dominion of New England)
Dominion of New England
- created by crown (included NY and East and West Jersey) for protection against Indians and to promote English Navigation Laws
- inter-colonial alliance imposed by England
Navigation Laws
- English laws that ended legal trade between colonies and non-English countries
- resulted in resentment and smuggling
Edmund Andros
- English-placed leader of the Dominion of New England
- despised for affiliation with Church of England and for heavy restrictions (taxation without representation)
- sent back to England by Boston mob
Glorious Revolution
- took place in England in 1688-1689
- bloodlessly replaced Catholic James II with Protestant Dutch William II and English Mary
- inspired colonists to the point that a Boston mob sent Andros back to England
William and Mary
*Protestant Dutch King and English Queen who replaced Catholic James II as monarchs of England during the Glorious Revolution
Salutary Neglect
- new monarchs (William and Mary) relaxed grip on colonial trade
- colonies had to rely on themselves and got a taste of independence
Dutch East India Company
*hired explorer Henry Hudson who landed in America
Henry Hudson
*Dutch-hired English explorer who ventured into Delaware and NY bay and Hudson River in 1609
New Amsterdam
- a company town run by and for Dutch company in interest of stockholders
- had no enthusiastic religious tolerance, free speech or democratic practices
- attracted a cosmopolitan population with many different languages
- later named New York
Patroonships
*vast feudal estates fronting the Hudson river
Wall Street
*street named after giant wall that was supposed to keep Indians and other unwanted people out
New Sweden
- colony built by Swedes on Delaware river
- overtaken and absorbed by the Dutch
- introduced log cabins
Log Cabins
*the first in America brought by the Swedes
Duke of York
- led a strong English squadron into New Amsterdam and took it over without having to fire a shot
- man that New York was named after
Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)
- religious group that arose in England in the mid 1600’s who were politically and religiously offensive to officials
- left their homes and moved to Pennsylvania where they wouldn’t be prosectued
William Penn
- Quaker that fled to New World for religious freedom
- liberal government, and money
- secured land grant in 1681 and named it Pennsylvania after his father
East New Jersey
- started in 1664 by a proprietor that was given the land from Duke of York
- acquired in later years by Quakers
- combined with West New Jersey in 1702
West New Jersey
- started in 1664 by a proprietor that was given the land from Duke of York
- sold in 1674 to some Quakers before the set up of Pennsylvania
- combined with East New Jersey in 1702
Delaware
- Swedish tinged that contained only 3 counties
* granted its own assembly in 1703 but until American revolution it remained under the governor of Pensylvania
Middle Colonies
- colonies of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania that had several shared features
- most interracial area compared to other colonies
- nice blend of Old England styles and new inspirations, but not as radical as those in the south
Benjamin Franklin
- child of middle colonies that moved to Philadelphia at age 17
- modern minded and the most respective American personality of his era
