Chapter 13: The Rise Of Mass Democracy: 1824-1840 Flashcards
0
Q
Henry Clay
A
- also ran in election of 1824
- put in his own words in the house of rep. when attempting to choose president
- practically made John Quincy Adams president
- made secretary of state after Adams won presidency
1
Q
Andrew Jackson
A
- hero of New Orleans
* ran in election of 1824 but lost
2
Q
John Quincy Adams
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- made president in 1824
* winner of the “corrupt bargain”
3
Q
King Caucus
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*idea that the presidents had to come from two political parties before 1824
4
Q
Corrupt Bargain
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- election of 1824
* bargains between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay
5
Q
Old Hickory
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- referring to Jackson and his old hickory self
* planted hickory trees to represent him
6
Q
Mudslinging
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*people against Jackson that printed out flyers against him and said his mother was a prostitute and his wife was an adulteress
7
Q
Rachel Robards
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- Jackson’s wife, never made it to first lady
* was ensured a divorce that never happened
8
Q
Inaugural Brawl
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- Jackson’s inauguration in 1828
* white house was open to the public and people went a little haywire
9
Q
King Mob
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- described the followers of Jackson
* people who were a this inauguration
10
Q
Rotation in Office
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*rewarding political supporters even if they are incompetent for the job
11
Q
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
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- tariff of 1828 that the old south detested
* south were tired of selling to non tariff protected and buying tariff protected items
13
Q
Denmark Vesey
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- failed revolt by a free black named Denmark Vesey in Charleston 1822
- tried to steal arms and lead slaves to freedom
- failed due to loyal slaves
14
Q
Nullies
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- group that was under Jackson’s presidency that tried to muster the necessary 2/3 vote for nullification in South Carolina legislature
- blocked by “submission men”
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Q
Tariff of 1833
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- proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the Tariff of 1816
- avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years.
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Q
Force Bill
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- passed by Congress
* authorized the president to use the army and navy, if necessary, to collect tariffs
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Q
Cherokees
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*
18
Q
Cherokees
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- group of native americans
- sent out on trail of tears
- apart of five civilized tribes
19
Q
Five civilized tribes
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- Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles
- they tried to live in harmony with their white neighbors, who called them this name
- many Indians had given up nomadic hunting and had adopted a more settled way of life
20
Q
Indian Removal Act
A
- passed by Congress
- provided for the resettlement of all 100,000 Native Americans (including all of the Five Civilized Tribes) east of the Mississippi to a newly defined Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma.
21
Q
Trail of Tears
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- Cherokee Indians were forced to make a grueling march in the winter of 1838-39
- many died under the poor management and atrocious conditions
21
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Seminoles
A
*
23
Q
Seminoles
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- one of five civilized tribes
- fought a bitter and protracted war with the United States Army, killing 1.500 US soldiers in seven years
- forced to relocate to Oklahoma in a bitter forced march
24
Q
Bank of the United States
A
*the “moneyed monster” that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832
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Nicholas Biddle
* head of the Second Bank of the United States
* forced smaller banks to refrain from excessive printing of banknotes, a major contributor to inflation
* some people believed bank had too much power to restrict the speculative and potentially profitable business dealings of smaller banks
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Anti-Masonic Party
*brought many evangelical Christians into politics and showed that others besides Jackson could stir up popular feelings
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Election of 1832
* Clay vs. Jackson
* "Freedom and Clay"- "Jackson forever: Go the whole hog"
* anti-Masonic party joined which opposed secrecy of Masonic order
* national nominating conventions
* Jackson won
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Mandate
*the authority to carry out a policy or course of action, regarded as given by the electorate to a candidate or party that is victorious in an election
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Pet Banks
*the repositories for government funds were quickly dubbed this name by their rivals.
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Specie Circular
* forced the payment for federal lands with gold or silver
| * impossible for settlers to buy government lands because few possessed the necessary specie
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Democrats
* worked to get Jackson elected
* accordance with the "common man" ideals
* denounced Henry Clay's "American System" and supported states' rights
* democrats also defended the Spoils System as a necessary element of an efficient government.
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Favorite Son
*
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Favorite Son
*presidential candidates who were nominated by their own state, primarily out of local loyalty.
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William Henry Harrison
* given the Whig nomination
| * won fame as the hero of the battle at Tippecanoe and possessed few known political convictions.
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Panic of 1837
*
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Speculation
*
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Speculation
*investment in stocks, property, or other ventures in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss
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Divorce Bill
* passed by Van Buren in 1837
* divorced the government from banking altogether
* established an independent treasury, so the gov. could lock its money in vaults in several of the larger cities
* proposal to establish an independent treasury
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Stephen Austin
*
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Stephen Austin
*original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government
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Davy Crockett
* frontier hero & Tennessee Congressman
| * died in the Texas War for Independence.
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Sam Houston
* United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States
* first president of Texas
43
Santa Anna
* Mexican president and General
* dictator who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War
* attack on Alamo in 1836; defeated by Sam Houston at San Jacinto
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Alamo
* Santa Anna's force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio
* 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo
* Texans were completely wiped out
45
W. B. Travis
* Commander of the defenders of the Alamo
* was determined to hold his position and managed to send messages through Mexican lines asking for assistance, but none came
* was killed in the Battle of the Alamo
* his death made Texas fight harder for their independence
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Lone Star Republic
*
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Lone Star Republic
* Texans led by Sam Houston that stormed into Texas (1836)
* Houston captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign two treaties to withdraw Mexican troops and recognize Rio Grande as a part of Texas
* he denied its legality since it was under force *Jackson gave Houston and Texas recognition of independence
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San Jacinto
*place where Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna
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Moses Austin
* born in CN
* although determined to be Spanish & pledged allegiance to the King of Spain
* asked to establish a colony of 300 families in Texas
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Anglos
*a white, English-speaking American as distinct from a Hispanic American.
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Log Cabin
*popular symbol of the bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor-boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840
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Hard Cinder
*popular symbol of the bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor-boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840
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"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"
* slogan from the presidential election of 1840
| * Tippecanoe was the Whig presidential candidate William Henry
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Election of 1840
* Martin van Buren was re-nominated by democrats and Tyler
| * lost to Harrison and the Whig's "log cabin and hard cider" campaign
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Fredrick Jackson Turner
* historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history
* claimed that American history had been a study of expansion and settlement of a succession of "Wests," and that prolonged frontier experience had affected the thinking of the American people
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Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
*a specialist in American history
57
Richard Hofstadter
*believed jacksonian was not a rejection of capitalism, but the effort of inspiring entrepreneurs to secure their own policies against their competitor
