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APUSH > Chapter 10: Launching The New Ship of State: 1789-1800 > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Launching The New Ship of State: 1789-1800 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Trans-Appalachia

A
  • going across the Appalachian mountains

* only about 5% of the entire U.S. lived west of the Appalachian mountains

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2
Q

George Washington

A
  • first and only President to be elected unanimously by all 13 states
  • ruled by strength of character rather than arts of the politician
  • created the Cabinet
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3
Q

Cabinet

A
  • created by George Washington
  • group of executive branch heads that help the President in making decisions
  • not mentioned in the Constitution
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4
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

*Secretary of State for George Washington in his Cabinet

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5
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

*Secretary of Treasury for George Washington in his Cabinet

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6
Q

Henry Knox

A

*Secretary of War for George Washington in his Caninet

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7
Q

James Madison

A

*drafted the Bill of Rights that guaranteed certain rights to the citizens ex. right to bear arms

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8
Q

Judiciary Act

A
  • created by the first Congress
  • created effective federal courts
  • organized a Supreme Court with a chief justice and 5 associates, as well as federal district and circuit courts
  • established the office of attorney general
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9
Q

John Jay

A

*became the first chief justice of the United States

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10
Q

Funding at Par

A
  • means that the federal government would pay off its debts at face value, plus accumulated interest
  • introduced by Alexander Hamilton
  • helped shape the economy and fund for a new capital in the District of Columbia
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11
Q

Assumption of State Debts

A
  • when the government took on the debts of the states

* some states with lots of debts were eager/thrilled (Massachusetts), others were not (Virginia)

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12
Q

Revenue Tariffs

A
  • meant to pay off government debt
  • a tax on an import/export
  • depended on a vigorous foreign trade
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13
Q

Protective Tariffs

A
  • a tariff imposing 8% on the value of dutiable imports
  • designed to protect small industries just getting started
  • part of Hamilton’s economic plan to support the industrialists
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14
Q

Bank of the Untied States

A
  • introduced by Alexander Hamilton
  • located in Philadelphia
  • had a capital of $10 million (one-fifth of that owned by the federal government)
  • bank that Jefferson fought Hamilton over, this created strict construction and loose construction
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15
Q

Strict Construction

A
  • people like Thomas Jefferson that took the Constitution literally
  • if it was not in the Constitution, it was not accepted
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16
Q

Loose Construction

A
  • people like Alexander Hamilton that took the Constitution as a guideline
  • if it was not in the Constitution that means it did not forbade it
  • believed some things were “necessary and proper” even if they weren’t written in the Constitution
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17
Q

Elastic Clause

A
  • made laws that were “necessary and proper”

* created due to the fact no one knew what the future would be like, so this allowed congress to adjust to the times

18
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A
  • whisky distillers that rebelled against the excise tax
  • just a few men in the foothills of the Appalachians
  • President Washington formed a militia to conquer the rebellion and was super over effective
19
Q

Democratic-Republicans

A
  • also known as Jeffersonian
  • believed people should have political power
  • favored strong state governments
  • pro-French during their revolution
20
Q

Federalists

A
  • wanted a strong central government
  • supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
  • firmly believed the national government should be strong
  • not happy with French during their Revolution
21
Q

French Revolution

A
  • began in 1789
  • had strong ties with Americans
  • Federalists and Democratic-Republicans had differing opinions over it in America
22
Q

Reign of Terror

A
  • occurred in France after their Revolution
  • sparked when the Kind was guillotined and the church was attacked
  • turned Federalists against the French revolution
23
Q

Franco-American Alliance

A
  • formal alliance with French recognizing American Independence
  • agreeing not to negotiate with Britain without consultation
  • arose again when French was enduring their Revolution
24
Q

Neutrality Proclamation

A
  • Washington’s proclamation that stated America was to stay neutral and out of the war with France
  • irritated Jeffersonians and made Federalists happy
25
Q

Citizen Genet

A
  • representative of the French Republic
  • came to South Carolina to persuade the citizens to come and fight for them
  • unauthorized by French government
  • citizens became tired of him and he was replaced
26
Q

Anthony Wayne

A
  • defeated the Miamis at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

* Indians offered Wayne the peace pipe

27
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A
  • where Anthony Wayne defeated the Miamis
  • British refused to shelter Indians fleeing from the battle
  • Indians eventually offered Wayne peace pipe
28
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A
  • signed in August of 1795 between Americans and Miamis
  • Confederacy gave up vast tracts of the Old Northwest, including most of present-day Indiana and Ohio
  • Indians received a payment of $20,000, annual annuity of $9,000
  • Indians also gained rights to hunt the lands and recognition of their sovereign status
29
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A
  • made up by John Jay
  • Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793
  • Americans had to pay debts owed from before the revolution
  • Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley
30
Q

Farewell Address

A
  • Washington was wanting to retire
  • his choice influenced the coin of a maximum two term presidency
  • his actual address was never said, only printed
  • advised against permanent alliances
31
Q

John Adams

A

*delegate from Massachusetts
*became second president w/ Jefferson as the Vice
*hated by Hamilton
*binherited a violent quarrel w/ France
*man of stern principles, did his duty with
stubborn devotion

32
Q

High Federalists

A

*lead by Hamilton, the head of the war faction of the Federalist party

33
Q

John Marshall

A
  • future chief of justice
  • went to France with two others in order to try and negotiate an agreement
  • became hero from XYZ Affair
34
Q

“Millions for Defense, But Not One Cent for Tribute”

A
  • a response to the XYZ Affair

* John Adams would spend millions of dollars for the army,but not a penny for bribery

35
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

*ambitious Corsican that had reached dictatorial power in Europe

36
Q

Convention of 1800

A
  • Agreement which freed America from its alliance with France
  • forgave French $20 million in damages
  • resulted in a lose of Adams 2nd term of presidency
37
Q

Alien Laws

A

*consisted of:
+Naturalization Act- increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years
+Alien Act- empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens
+Alien Enemy Act- allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US
*response to the XYZ Affair; aimed at French and Irish immigrants

38
Q

Compact Theory

A
  • idea advanced by Rousseau, Locke, and Jefferson
  • idea that the Constitution was a compact of sovereign states, & when the government exceeded its limited powers, the states had the right to take action
  • reflected in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
39
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A
  • written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts
  • declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional
40
Q

Nullification

A

*states’-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress if they believed it violated the Constitituion

41
Q

XYZ Affair

A
  • 1797, Adam’s envoys hoped to meet talleyrand, the crafty French minister
  • were secretly approached by 3 go-betweens, later referred to as X,Y,&Z who demanded money from the Americans; negotiations quickly broke
  • John Marshall became hero for his steadfastness
42
Q

Sedition Acts

A
  • made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials
  • an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition
  • mainly unconstitutional

APUSH (14 decks)

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