Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution: 1700-1775 Flashcards
Pennsylvania “Dutch”
- Protestant Germans that moved to the back country of Pennsylvania while fleeing religious persecution
- no deep root loyalty to the British crown
Scots- Irish
- Scots-lowlanders who abandoned Ireland and came to America
- Since the best land was already taken they moved to the back country
- most were squatters who quarreled with indians
Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur
- a French settler that saw the mixing of bloods that could not be found in any other country
- asked what the common American was (“this new man”)
“Bread” Colonies
*fertile middle colonies that produced large quantities of grain
Triangular Trade
- New England goods would go to the gold coast of Africa to be traded for slaves
- slaves would go to the west indies to be traded for raw materials
- raw materials would go back to New England to be made into manufactured goods
- this made many Americans rich
Molasses Act (1733)
- law passed by the British government restricting trade between the colonies and the French West Indies
- was not successful since colonists were able to bribe and smuggle their way around it
- law shows the British attempting to tighten control over the colonies
“Established” Religions
- religions that were tax-supported
* two main ones were the Anglican and the Congressional
Anglicans (Church of England)
- one of the two major established religions
- official faith of Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and part of New York
- less fierce and more worldly religion
Congregational Church
- grown out of the Puritan church
- established in all New England colonies but Rhode Island
- based on the belief that individual churches should govern themselves
Presbyterian Church
- comes from Calvinism
- never made official in any colonies
- split with Congregationalists over the great awakening
“Great Awakening” (1730s-1740s)
- religious revival
- encouraged great emotion in religion
- set off schisms in religious sects
- started with Johnathan Edwards
- George Whitfield was also a major influence
Jonathan Edwards
- spoke with burning righteousness
- proclaimed need for complete dependence on God’s grace, not good works
- described hell and eternal torments of the damned
- known for starting off the Great Awakening
George Whitefield
- amazing religious speaker
- instilled great emotion in his listeners
- influential during the Great Awakening
Baptists
*non established religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening (made room for emotion in their religion)
Harvard College
- first American college
- established in 1636
- founded by Puritan theologians who wanted to create a training center for ministers
- primarily young white men attended
John Trumbull
- aspiring painter
- discouraged in his youth to paint
- had to travel to London to pursue ambition
Charles Willson Peale
*known for his portraits of George Washington
Benjamin West
- an official court painter
* had to travel to complete his training
John Singleton Copley
- regarded as a loyalist in the Revolutionary war
* had to travel to complete his training
Poetry (Phillis Wheatley)
- slave girl brought to Booston and never formually educated
* published a book of verse and created many poems
Benjamin Franklin
- wrote “Poor Richard’s Almanack”
- invented lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, Franklin stove
- proved lightning was a form of electricity
- established 1st US public library in Philadelphia
Poor Richard’s Almanack
- written by Benjamin Franklin
- held pithy sayings and virtues like thrift, industry, morality, common sense
- 2nd most common book in America, following th Bible in the #1 spot
John Peter Zenger
*a newspaper publisher who established the basic idea of freedom of the press
