Chapter 7: Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

______ is the process by which medication works on the body

Answer 1

pharmacodynamics

Question 2

____ is a medication that causes stimulation of receptors

Answer 2

agonist

Question 3

______ is a medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

Answer 3

antagonist

Question 4

____ is the amount of medication that is given

Answer 4

dose

Question 5

the dose depends on:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 5

1. patient’s age
2. patient’s weight
3. desired action

Question 6

the generic name of a medication is

Answer 6

the original chemical name of the medication

Question 7

the _____ is the registered brand name that a manufacturer gives to a drug

Answer 7

trade name

Question 8

enteral medications enter the body through the ____

Answer 8

digestive system

Question 9

parenteral medications enter the body through _____

Answer 9

some other means (ex, blood)

Question 10

absorption is the

Answer 10

process by which medications travel through body tissues to the bloodstream

Question 11

per rectum (PR)

Answer 11

by rectum

Question 12

oral (PO)

Answer 12

by mouth, per os

Question 13

intravenous injection (IV)

Answer 13

into the vein

Question 14

intraosseous injection (IO)

Answer 14

into the bone

Question 15

subcutaneous injection (SC, SQ, sub-q)

Answer 15

beneath the skin

Question 16

intramuscular injection (IM)

Answer 16

into the muscle

Question 17

inhalation

Answer 17

breathed into the lungs

Question 18

sublingual (SL)

Answer 18

under the tongue

Question 19

transcutaneous or transdermal

Answer 19

through the skin

Question 20

intranasal (IN)

Answer 20

spray into the nostril

Question 21

the _____ of the medication usually dictates the route of transmission

Answer 21

form

Question 22

manufacturers choose the form to ensure:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 22

1. proper route of transmission
2. timing of its release into the blood
3. effects on the target organs or body systems

Question 23

tablets/capsules are most medications given by

Answer 23

mouth

Question 24

_____ contain other materials mixed with the medication and compressed

Answer 24

tablet

Question 25

_____ are gelatin shells filled with powder or liquid medication

Answer 25

capsules

Question 26

______ are a liquid mixture of one or more substances that cant be separated simply

Answer 26

solutiona

Question 27

______ are a mixture of finely ground particles distributed evenly throughout a liquid by shaking or stirring but do not dissolve

Answer 27

suspensions

Question 28

suspensions will _____ if they stand

Answer 28

separate

Question 29

_____ are liquids or solids broken into small enough droplets or particles that they may be inhaled

Answer 29

MDI’s

Question 30

MDI’s dispense the same amount of medication ______

Answer 30

each time it is used

Question 31

list the six rights

Answer 31

1. right patient (patient who needs the medication is the one that gets it)
2. right medication (verify proper medication)
3. right dose (verify form and dose of medication)
4. right route (verify the route of medication)
5. right time (check expiration date and condition)
6. right documentation (document your actions and the patient’s response)

Question 32

NYS unit may carry these 8 medications

Answer 32

1. oxygen
2. oral glucose
3. aspirin
4. albuterol
5. activated charcoal
6. syrup of ipecac
7. epinephrine
8. narcan

Question 33

three circumstances in which an EMT can administer medication

Answer 33

1. peer-assisted
2. patient-assisted
3. emt-administered

Question 34

oral medications: advantage and disadvantage

Answer 34

A - easy to use

D- speed of absorption effected by vomiting or diarrhea

Question 35

sublingual medications: advantage and disadvantages

Answer 35

A - quick absorption
D - constant airway evaluation
- choking hazard
- not for use with uncooperative or unconscious patient

Question 36

intramuscular medications: advantage and disadvantage

Answer 36

A - quick and easy access to circulatory system without placing a needle in the vein
D - fear of needles

Question 37

inhalation medications include

Answer 37

oxygen

Question 38

oxygen is given either via ______ or ______ (if _____)

Answer 38

non-rebreathing mask or nasal cannula (if patient cannot tolerate non-rebreathing mask)

Question 39

via non-rebreathing mask _____-____ L/min

Answer 39

12-15

Question 40

via nasal cannula _____-_____ L/min

Answer 40

2-6

Question 41

effects caused the medications other than the desired ones are called

Answer 41

side effects

Question 42

what route delivers medication through the skin

Answer 42

transcutaneous

Question 43

activated charcoal is an example of what form of medication

Answer 43

suspension

Question 44

Which route of medication delivery is frequently used with children

Answer 44

per rectum

Question 45

An oral pain medication is less useful than ________ when pain relief is needed within minutes

Answer 45

IV pain medication

Question 46

Which of the following medications is prescribed for chest pain and is often given sublingually as a spray or a tablet?

• activated charcoal
• oral glucose
• epinephrine
• nitroglycerin

Answer 46

nitroglycerin

Question 47

One of the newer delivery systems that come in prescription or OTC forms is

Answer 47

an adhesive patch

Question 48

Tablets and capsules are typically taken by mouth and enter the bloodstream through the

Answer 48

digestive system

Question 49

When administering nitroglycerin, each spray is equivalent to

Answer 49

one tablet

Question 50

Which medication can have potentially fatal interactions with nitroglycerin

Answer 50

viagara

Question 51

When administering or assisting in the administration of medication, it is important that you follow six steps. Before beginning, you must

Answer 51

obtain an order from medical direction

Question 52

Regardless of the method used, epinephrine causes a burning sensation where it is injected. Following the injection, the patient’s

Answer 52

heart rate will INC

Question 53

EMTs are permitted to administer glucose in what form

Answer 53

gel

Question 54

Before administering nitroglycerin, it is extremely important to first check the patient’s

Answer 54

blood pressure

Question 55

The medication administered most frequently by EMTs is

Answer 55

oxygen