Chapter 7: Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
______ is the process by which medication works on the body
pharmacodynamics
____ is a medication that causes stimulation of receptors
agonist
______ is a medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications
antagonist
____ is the amount of medication that is given
dose
the dose depends on:
1.
2.
3.
- patient’s age
- patient’s weight
- desired action
the generic name of a medication is
the original chemical name of the medication
the _____ is the registered brand name that a manufacturer gives to a drug
trade name
enteral medications enter the body through the ____
digestive system
parenteral medications enter the body through _____
some other means (ex, blood)
absorption is the
process by which medications travel through body tissues to the bloodstream
per rectum (PR)
by rectum
oral (PO)
by mouth, per os
intravenous injection (IV)
into the vein
intraosseous injection (IO)
into the bone
subcutaneous injection (SC, SQ, sub-q)
beneath the skin
intramuscular injection (IM)
into the muscle
inhalation
breathed into the lungs
sublingual (SL)
under the tongue
transcutaneous or transdermal
through the skin
intranasal (IN)
spray into the nostril
the _____ of the medication usually dictates the route of transmission
form
manufacturers choose the form to ensure:
1.
2.
3.
- proper route of transmission
- timing of its release into the blood
- effects on the target organs or body systems
tablets/capsules are most medications given by
mouth
_____ contain other materials mixed with the medication and compressed
tablet
_____ are gelatin shells filled with powder or liquid medication
capsules
______ are a liquid mixture of one or more substances that cant be separated simply
solutiona
______ are a mixture of finely ground particles distributed evenly throughout a liquid by shaking or stirring but do not dissolve
suspensions
suspensions will _____ if they stand
separate
_____ are liquids or solids broken into small enough droplets or particles that they may be inhaled
MDI’s
MDI’s dispense the same amount of medication ______
each time it is used
list the six rights
- right patient (patient who needs the medication is the one that gets it)
- right medication (verify proper medication)
- right dose (verify form and dose of medication)
- right route (verify the route of medication)
- right time (check expiration date and condition)
- right documentation (document your actions and the patient’s response)
NYS unit may carry these 8 medications
- oxygen
- oral glucose
- aspirin
- albuterol
- activated charcoal
- syrup of ipecac
- epinephrine
- narcan
three circumstances in which an EMT can administer medication
- peer-assisted
- patient-assisted
- emt-administered
oral medications: advantage and disadvantage
A - easy to use
D- speed of absorption effected by vomiting or diarrhea
sublingual medications: advantage and disadvantages
A - quick absorption
D - constant airway evaluation
- choking hazard
- not for use with uncooperative or unconscious patient
intramuscular medications: advantage and disadvantage
A - quick and easy access to circulatory system without placing a needle in the vein
D - fear of needles
inhalation medications include
oxygen
oxygen is given either via ______ or ______ (if _____)
non-rebreathing mask or nasal cannula (if patient cannot tolerate non-rebreathing mask)
via non-rebreathing mask _____-____ L/min
12-15
via nasal cannula _____-_____ L/min
2-6
effects caused the medications other than the desired ones are called
side effects
what route delivers medication through the skin
transcutaneous
activated charcoal is an example of what form of medication
suspension
Which route of medication delivery is frequently used with children
per rectum
An oral pain medication is less useful than ________ when pain relief is needed within minutes
IV pain medication
Which of the following medications is prescribed for chest pain and is often given sublingually as a spray or a tablet?
- activated charcoal
- oral glucose
- epinephrine
- nitroglycerin
nitroglycerin
One of the newer delivery systems that come in prescription or OTC forms is
an adhesive patch
Tablets and capsules are typically taken by mouth and enter the bloodstream through the
digestive system
When administering nitroglycerin, each spray is equivalent to
one tablet
Which medication can have potentially fatal interactions with nitroglycerin
viagara
When administering or assisting in the administration of medication, it is important that you follow six steps. Before beginning, you must
obtain an order from medical direction
Regardless of the method used, epinephrine causes a burning sensation where it is injected. Following the injection, the patient’s
heart rate will INC
EMTs are permitted to administer glucose in what form
gel
Before administering nitroglycerin, it is extremely important to first check the patient’s
blood pressure
The medication administered most frequently by EMTs is
oxygen
