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EMT Course > Chapter 10: Shock > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Shock Flashcards

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1
Q

shock = _____

A

hypoperfusion

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2
Q

shock means a state of collapse and failure of the ______ system that leads to ____

A

CV system that leads to inadequate circulation

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3
Q

in the ___ stages of shock, the body attempts to maintain homeostasis

A

early

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4
Q

as shock progresses _____ slows and eventually ceases

A

blood circulation

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5
Q 
shock can occur because of medial or traumatic events like:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. heart attack
  2. severe allergic reaction
  3. automobile crash
  4. gunshot wound
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6
Q

_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell’s current needs

A

perfusion

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7
Q

list the two circuits in the body

A

systemic and pulmonic

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8
Q

the _____ circulation carries oxygen-rich blood from the LV through the body and back to the RA

A

systemic

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9
Q

____ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with high conc of molecules to an area of lower conc

A

diffusion

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10
Q

three parts of the CV system, called the “perfusion triangle”

A

pump (heart)
set of pipes (bv and arteries)
blood

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11
Q

blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by the _____, circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate

A

capillary sphincters

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12
Q

these sphincters are under control of the

A

ANS

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13
Q

perfusion requires more than just having a working CV system. it also requires adequate ____, _____, and ____

A

oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

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14
Q

the _____ and _____ are triggered when the body senses that the pressure in the system is failing

A

ANS and hormones

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15
Q 
shock can result from many conditions including; 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. bleeding
  2. respiratory failure
  3. acute allergic reactions
  4. overwhelming infection
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16
Q

3 main causes of shock

A
  1. pump failure
  2. low fluid volume
  3. poor vessel function
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17
Q

_____ is caused by inadequate function of the heart (pump failure)

A

cardiogenic shock

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18
Q

a major effect of cardiogenic schock is backup of blood in the lungs or ______

A

pulmonary edema

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19
Q

______ occurs when conditions that cause mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle also affect the pump function

A

obstructive shock

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20
Q

2 examples of obstructive shock

A
  1. cardiac tamponade

2. tension pneumothorax

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21
Q

_____ is a collection of fluid between the peridcardial sac and the myocardium

A

cardiac tamponade

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22
Q

signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade are known as

A

beck’s triad (JVD, muffled heart sounds, and systolic and diastolic BP starting to merge)

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23
Q

____ is caused by damage to lung tissue

A

tension pneumothorax

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24
Q

a tension pneumothorax allows are normally held in the lung to escape into the

A

chest cavity (which applies pressure to the heart)

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25
Q

_____ results when there is a widespread dilation of small arterioles, venules, or both

A

distributive shock

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26
Q

4 types of distributive shock

A
  1. septic shock
  2. neurogenic shock
  3. anaphylactic shock
  4. psychogenic shock
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27
Q

___ occurs as a result of severe infections in which toxins are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues

A

septic shock

28
Q

in septic shock the toxins damage the vessel walls causing ___cellular permeability. the vessel walls leak and are unable to contract well.

A

INC

29
Q

____ is usually a result of injury to the part of the nervous system that controls the size and muscle tone of the blood vessels

A

neurogenic shock

30
Q

in neurogenic shock the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels are cut off from the SNS and nerve impulses that cause them to contract. all vessels below the level of the spinal injury _____ causing blood to ___

A

dilate widely causing blood to pool

31
Q

______ occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized

A

anaphylactic shock

32
Q

______ is the result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the system

A

hypovolemic shock

33
Q

____ can cause or aggravate shock

A

dehydration

34
Q

______ is when a patient with a severe injury, such as a flail chest or obstruction of the airway, may be unable to breathe in an adequate amount of oxygen

A

respiratory insufficiency

35
Q

list the three stages in the progression of shock

A
  1. compensated shock
  2. decompensated shock
  3. irreversible shock
36
Q

in compensated shock the body can still compensate for

A

blood loss

37
Q

decompensated shock is the late stage where blood pressure is

A

falling

38
Q

irreversible shock is the

A

terminal stage of shock

39
Q

_____ may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

A

blood pressure

40
Q

a rapid pulse suggests _____ shock

A

compensated

41
Q

in shock/compensated shock the skin may be

A

cool, clammy, or ashen

42
Q

patients in cardiogenic shock usually have ____ blood pressure

A

low

43
Q 
other signs and sx of cardiogenic shock include;
- \_\_\_\_ pulse
- 
-
-
A
  • weak/irregular pulse
  • cyanosis
  • nausea
  • anxiety
44
Q

for treating cardiogenic shock place the patient in a position that…

A

eases breathing as you give high-flow oxygen

45
Q

INC ____ should be the priority in treating cardiac tamponade

A

INC cardiac output

46
Q

in tension pneumothorax usually the only action hat can prevent eventual death is ____ of the injured side of the chest

A

decompression (EMTS give high flow oxygen via NRB)

47
Q

in treating septic shock and neurogenic shock you should keep the patient ____

A

warm

48
Q

effective treatment for a sever, acute allergic reaction is to administer _____ via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection

A

epinephrine

49
Q

perfusion require an intact ____ system and a functioning ___ system

A

intact CV system and a functioning respiratory system

50
Q

fainting is what type of shock

A

psychogenic

51
Q

severe thermal burns causes what type of shock

A

hypovolemic shock

52
Q

a dec in blood pressure is an early sign of shock (true or false?)

A

FALSE. late sign of shock, designates decompensated shock

53
Q

infants and children may lose half their blood volume before having BP drop (true or false?)

A

TRUE.

54
Q

what are the 6 general considerations for treating a patient in shock

A
  1. keep the patient supine
  2. control obvious external bleeding
  3. splint the patient on a backboard
  4. give high flow oxygen
  5. keep the patient warm
  6. elevate the legs
55
Q

why should you be cautious in giving nitroglycerin to a patient already in cardiogenic shock

A

patients BP may already be low

56
Q

The three basic causes for shock are poor pump function, dilating blood vessels, and

A

blood or fluid loss

57
Q

Damage to the spinal cord that produces neurogenic shock will cause the blood vessels to

A

dilate

58
Q

the following are signs and symptoms of what kind of shock:
urticaria and flushing.
edema of the face, tongue, and lips.
itching and burning.

A

anaphylactic shock

59
Q

During decompensated shock, the blood pressures will

A

fall

60
Q

At what systolic blood pressure should you recognize that an adult patient is in decompensated shock

A

90 mm Hg

61
Q

Anxiety, bad news, or sight of blood can cause ________ shock

A

psychogenic

62
Q

In compensated shock, the pulse of the patient usually

A

INC

63
Q

When assessing breathing for a patient in shock, an increased respiratory rate can be a sign of

A

compensated shock

64
Q

When treating a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of shock, which of the following actions would not be appropriate?

  • Provide high flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask.
  • Splint all suspected extremity fractures.
  • Request ALS back-up.
A

Splint all suspected extremity fractures.

65
Q

When treating a patient in cardiogenic shock, your first step should be to

A

ensure the patient has an open airway

EMT Course (43 decks)

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