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EMT Course > Chapter 14: CV Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 14: CV Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following ways to help reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths is false?

a. early access
b. increased number of laypeople trained in CPR
c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival
d. public access defibrillation

A

c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival

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2
Q

Chest pain or discomfort that is related to the heart usually stems from a condition called ischemia or:

A

insufficient oxygen

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3
Q

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a classic heart attack. Infarction is:

A

death of tissue

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4
Q

Generally speaking, most patients with chest pain should be transported:

A

immediately

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5
Q

If a pacemaker does not function properly, as when the battery wears out, the patient may experience syncope, presenting with a pulse less than:

A

60 BPM

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6
Q

When an error occurs while using an AED, it is usually the operator’s fault. The most common error is:

A

not having charged the battery

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7
Q

If you are transporting a patient while performing CPR, before you can use an AED in the ambulance you must:

A

stop the vehicle

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8
Q

If you are en route with a conscious adult patient who is having chest pain and becomes unconscious, the first step is to:

A

check pulse

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9
Q

The disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of blood vessels is called:

A

atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Before administering nitroglycerin, it is important to ensure that the patient’s systolic blood pressure is greater than ________ mm Hg.

A

100

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11
Q

hearts job is to

A

pump blood to supply oxygen enriched RBC to tissues of the body

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12
Q

____ receive incoming blood

A

atrium

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13
Q

____ pump outgoing blood

A

ventricle

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14
Q

R side of heart pumps ___ blood to the ____

A

deoxy blood to lungs

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15
Q

L side of heart pumps ____ blood to the ____

A

oxy blood to the body

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16
Q

the ____ receives blood from the LV and delivers it to all other arteries

A

aorta

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17
Q

the pulmonary artery has ___ blood

A

deoxygenated

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18
Q

the pulmonary vein has ____ blood

A

oxygenated

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19
Q

____ is cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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20
Q

_____ is spontaneous contraction of myocardium

A

automaticity

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21
Q

impulses come from the ___ node

A

sinoatrial (SA)

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22
Q

if the demand for oxygen of the heart INC the coronary arteries ____

A

dilate

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23
Q

____ controls involuntary activities of the body

A

ANS

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24
Q

ANS is broken into ____ and ____

A

SNS and parasympathetic NS

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25
Q

the SNS is ____/____

A

fight/flight

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26
Q

the SNS:

  • ____ HR
  • ____ breaths/min
  • _____ BV in muscles
  • _____ BV in digestive system
A
  • INC HR
  • INC breaths/min
  • dilates BV in muscles
  • constricts BV in digestive system
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27
Q

the parasympathetic NS:

  • ____ HR
  • ____ breaths/min
  • _____ BV in muscles
  • _____ BV in digestive system
A
  • DEC HR
  • DEC breaths/min
  • constricts BV in muscles
  • dilates BV in digestive system
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28
Q

___ describes the volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

A

SV

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29
Q

INC SV = INC ____

A

CO

30
Q

____ are the BV that supply blood to the heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

31
Q

RCA supplies blood to the

A

RV

32
Q

LCA feeds the

A

LV

33
Q

superior vena cava caries deoxy blood from ____ to ___ back to the RA

A

head to arms

34
Q

inferior vena cava carries deoxy blood from ____, ____, and ____ back to the RA

A

abdomen, kidneys, and legs

35
Q

plasma is __% of blood

A

55

36
Q

___ is the volume of blood that passes through the heart in 1 min

A

CO

37
Q

____ is a blood clot that floats through the BV

A

thromboembolism

38
Q

an AMI is a ____ caused by a clot in the coronary artery

A

heart attack

39
Q

an AMI has chest pain that does not

A

change with breathing

40
Q

_____ is a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia that results in angina pectoris or AMI

A

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

41
Q

_____ occurs when the hearts need for oxygen exceeds the available supply, usually during physical or emotional stress

A

angina pectoris

42
Q

angina pectoris is _____

A

predictable

43
Q

____ angina responds to fewer stimuli than ordinarily required to produce angina

A

unstable

44
Q

____ angina responds to rest or nitroglycerin

A

stable

45
Q

3 serious consequences of AMI

A
  1. sudden death
  2. cardiogenic shock
  3. CHF
46
Q

pain of AMI signals the _____ of cells in the area of the heart where blood blow is obstructed

A

actual death

47
Q

an AMI is

A

sudden

48
Q

____ is abnormality of the heart rhythm

A

arrhythmia

49
Q

premature ventricular contractions are ____ in a damaged ventricle

A

extra beats

50
Q

ventricular tachycardia is ___ with ____ beats/min

A

rapid with 150-200 beats/min

51
Q

ventricular fibrillation is the

A

disorganized, ineffective quivering of ventricles

52
Q

____ is the absence of all heart electrical activity

A

asystole

53
Q

_____ occurs when body tissues do not get enough oxygen, due to hearts inability to pump blood with enough force

A

cardiogenic shock

54
Q

cardiogenic shock is often caused by

A

heart attack

55
Q

CHF usually occurs within a few days of

A

heart attack

56
Q

____ is INC HR, enlargement of LV that can no longer make up for DEC heart function

A

CHF

57
Q

with CHF ____ often occurs once heart fails to pump effectively

A

pulmonary edema

58
Q

______ occur when the systolic BP is higher than 160 or there is a rapid INC in systolic BP

A

hypertensive emergenices

59
Q

sign of hypertensive emergency

A

sudden severe headache

60
Q

_____ is a weakness in the wall of the aorta that is susceptible to rupture

A

aortic aneurysm

61
Q

aortic aneurysm causes

A

sudden chest pain

62
Q

with a _____ the inner layers of the aorta become separated

A

dissecting anuerysm

63
Q

uncontrolled _____ is a primary cause of aortic aneurysm

A

hypertension

64
Q

nitroglycerin is a

  • ______
  • _____ blood flow and oxygen to heart
  • _____ work load of heart
A

nitroglycerin is a

  • vasodilator
  • INC blood flow and oxygen to heart
  • DEC work load of heart
65
Q

cardiac arrest is indicated by lack of

A

carotid pulse

66
Q

L side of heart receives oxygenated blood from

A

lungs

67
Q

chest pain is a result of ____ blood flow through the coronary artery

A

insufficient blood flow

68
Q

pain from angina lasts ___ min

A

3-8

69
Q

AMI is more prone to occur in the ___ ventricle

A

L

70
Q

____ of AMI patients do not reach the hospital due to sudden death

A

40%

EMT Course (43 decks)

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