Chapter 14: CV Emergencies Flashcards
Which of the following ways to help reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths is false?
a. early access
b. increased number of laypeople trained in CPR
c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival
d. public access defibrillation
c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival
Chest pain or discomfort that is related to the heart usually stems from a condition called ischemia or:
insufficient oxygen
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a classic heart attack. Infarction is:
death of tissue
Generally speaking, most patients with chest pain should be transported:
immediately
If a pacemaker does not function properly, as when the battery wears out, the patient may experience syncope, presenting with a pulse less than:
60 BPM
When an error occurs while using an AED, it is usually the operator’s fault. The most common error is:
not having charged the battery
If you are transporting a patient while performing CPR, before you can use an AED in the ambulance you must:
stop the vehicle
If you are en route with a conscious adult patient who is having chest pain and becomes unconscious, the first step is to:
check pulse
The disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of blood vessels is called:
atherosclerosis
Before administering nitroglycerin, it is important to ensure that the patient’s systolic blood pressure is greater than ________ mm Hg.
100
hearts job is to
pump blood to supply oxygen enriched RBC to tissues of the body
____ receive incoming blood
atrium
____ pump outgoing blood
ventricle
R side of heart pumps ___ blood to the ____
deoxy blood to lungs
L side of heart pumps ____ blood to the ____
oxy blood to the body
the ____ receives blood from the LV and delivers it to all other arteries
aorta
the pulmonary artery has ___ blood
deoxygenated
the pulmonary vein has ____ blood
oxygenated
____ is cardiac muscle
myocardium
_____ is spontaneous contraction of myocardium
automaticity
impulses come from the ___ node
sinoatrial (SA)
if the demand for oxygen of the heart INC the coronary arteries ____
dilate
____ controls involuntary activities of the body
ANS
ANS is broken into ____ and ____
SNS and parasympathetic NS
the SNS is ____/____
fight/flight
the SNS:
- ____ HR
- ____ breaths/min
- _____ BV in muscles
- _____ BV in digestive system
- INC HR
- INC breaths/min
- dilates BV in muscles
- constricts BV in digestive system
the parasympathetic NS:
- ____ HR
- ____ breaths/min
- _____ BV in muscles
- _____ BV in digestive system
- DEC HR
- DEC breaths/min
- constricts BV in muscles
- dilates BV in digestive system
___ describes the volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
SV
INC SV = INC ____
CO
____ are the BV that supply blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
RCA supplies blood to the
RV
LCA feeds the
LV
superior vena cava caries deoxy blood from ____ to ___ back to the RA
head to arms
inferior vena cava carries deoxy blood from ____, ____, and ____ back to the RA
abdomen, kidneys, and legs
plasma is __% of blood
55
___ is the volume of blood that passes through the heart in 1 min
CO
____ is a blood clot that floats through the BV
thromboembolism
an AMI is a ____ caused by a clot in the coronary artery
heart attack
an AMI has chest pain that does not
change with breathing
_____ is a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia that results in angina pectoris or AMI
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
_____ occurs when the hearts need for oxygen exceeds the available supply, usually during physical or emotional stress
angina pectoris
angina pectoris is _____
predictable
____ angina responds to fewer stimuli than ordinarily required to produce angina
unstable
____ angina responds to rest or nitroglycerin
stable
3 serious consequences of AMI
- sudden death
- cardiogenic shock
- CHF
pain of AMI signals the _____ of cells in the area of the heart where blood blow is obstructed
actual death
an AMI is
sudden
____ is abnormality of the heart rhythm
arrhythmia
premature ventricular contractions are ____ in a damaged ventricle
extra beats
ventricular tachycardia is ___ with ____ beats/min
rapid with 150-200 beats/min
ventricular fibrillation is the
disorganized, ineffective quivering of ventricles
____ is the absence of all heart electrical activity
asystole
_____ occurs when body tissues do not get enough oxygen, due to hearts inability to pump blood with enough force
cardiogenic shock
cardiogenic shock is often caused by
heart attack
CHF usually occurs within a few days of
heart attack
____ is INC HR, enlargement of LV that can no longer make up for DEC heart function
CHF
with CHF ____ often occurs once heart fails to pump effectively
pulmonary edema
______ occur when the systolic BP is higher than 160 or there is a rapid INC in systolic BP
hypertensive emergenices
sign of hypertensive emergency
sudden severe headache
_____ is a weakness in the wall of the aorta that is susceptible to rupture
aortic aneurysm
aortic aneurysm causes
sudden chest pain
with a _____ the inner layers of the aorta become separated
dissecting anuerysm
uncontrolled _____ is a primary cause of aortic aneurysm
hypertension
nitroglycerin is a
- ______
- _____ blood flow and oxygen to heart
- _____ work load of heart
nitroglycerin is a
- vasodilator
- INC blood flow and oxygen to heart
- DEC work load of heart
cardiac arrest is indicated by lack of
carotid pulse
L side of heart receives oxygenated blood from
lungs
chest pain is a result of ____ blood flow through the coronary artery
insufficient blood flow
pain from angina lasts ___ min
3-8
AMI is more prone to occur in the ___ ventricle
L
____ of AMI patients do not reach the hospital due to sudden death
40%
