Chapter 5: Human Body Flashcards
anatomic position is when the patient stands facing _____, arms at the _____, and palms _____
anatomic position is when the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, and palms forward
list the three planes of the body
- coronal plane
- transverse (axial plane)
- sagittal
the coronal place separates the body into
front and back
the transverse or axial plane separates the body into
top and bottom
the sagittal plane separates the body into
left and right
the front of the body is known as ______ or ______
anterior or ventral
the back of the body is known as ______ or _______
posterior or dorsal
______ = closest to the head
superior
______ = closest to the feet
inferior
______ is closest to the point of attachment
proximal
______ is furthest from the point of attachment
distal
_____ is closest to the midline
medial
_______ is furthest from the midline
lateral
_______ is closest to the surface of the skin
superficial
____ is farthest from the surface of the skin
deep
______ is the bending of a joint
flexion
______ is the straightening of a joint
extension
______ is the motion toward the midline
adduction
_____ is the motion away from the midline
abduction
_____ is face up
supine
______ is face down
prone
the shock position is a modified _______ with feet _____ inches higher than the _____
the shock position is a modified trendelenburg with feet 6-12 inches higher than the head
______ position is sitting up with knees bent
fowler’s position
_____ position is on the left side
recovery
list the five functions of the skeletal system
- form of the body
- protection of organs
- movement
- calcium storage
- creation of blood cells
ligaments connect ____ to ______
bone to bone
tendons connect ____ to ______
bone to muscle
the axial skeleton is made up of what three things
skull, spinal column, thorax
skull is made up of the _____ and ______
cranium (4 bones) and the facial bones (14 bones)
the ______ is the opening into the base of the skull where the spinal column enters
foramen magnum
the spinal column has _____ vertebrae
33
list the 5 sections of the spinal column and the number of vertebrae in each
- cervical 7
- thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- sacrum 5 fused
- coccyx 4 fused
the thorax contains the _______, _____, ______, and ______
heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels
appendicular skeleton consists of the
1.
2.
3.
- upper extremity
- pelvis
- lower extremity
in the upper extremity is the
1.
2.
3.
- shoulder
- arm
- wrist and hand
the shoulder is made of what 3 bones
clavicle, scapula, and humerus
the arm is made of what three bones
humerus, radius (lateral) and ulna (medial)
the wrist and hand are made of _____, ____, and ____
carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
the pelvis consists of the ____ and 2 _____
sacrum and two pelvic bones
the lower extremity consists of the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- femur
- knee
- lower leg
- ankle
- foot
the lower leg consists of the _____ and ______
tibia and fibula (lateral)
the ankle is a ____ joint meaning it has ___ plane of motion
the ankle is a hinge joint meaning it has one plane of motion
ball and socket joints like the _____ have ____ and ____
ball and socket joints like the shoulder have rotation and bending
the musculoskeletal system gives ____, _____, and _____
form, posture, and movement
there are ____ muscles that attach to the skeleton
600
the _____ separates the upper airway from the lower airway
larynx
the right lung has ___ lobes and the left has ____
R lung - 3 lobes
L lung - 2 lobes
function of respiratory system is to provide ___ and eliminate _____
provide oxygen and eliminate CO2
respiration is _____
gas exchange
ventilation is the _____
movement of air
_____ is the amount of air in each breath (normal rate and depth)
TV - tidal volume
the systemic system brings oxygen rich blood from the ____ through the ___ and to the ____
oxygen rich blood from the LV through the body and to the RA
the pulmonary system brings oxygen poor blood from the ____ through the ____ and to the _____
oxygen poor blood from the RV through the lungs and to the LA
pulmonary arteries are ______ blood
deoxygenated
pulmonary veins are ______ blood
oxygenated
normal resting heart rate is
60-100 BPM
___ is the amount of blood moved in one beat
SV
___ is the amount of blood moved in 1 min
CO
CO = _____ *______
CO = SV *HR
the body moves ___ liters of blood in one minute
5-6
____ is the LV contracting into the aorta
systole
___ is the LV relaxing and filling with blood
diastole
the spleen is in the _____ and filters ____
LUQ and filters blood
the _____ is considered the most complex body system
nervous system
the nervous system is comprised of
1.
2.
3.
- brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
the liver, gallbladder, and colon are in the ____
RUQ
the appendix is in the
RLQ
the stomach, spleen, and colon are in the
LUQ
______ is soft, semiflexible material that is within joints
cartilage
____ covers the lungs
pleura
the skeleton consists of ____ bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
206 bones
list the three types of muscle
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
list the 7 air passages of the respiratory system
- nose
- mouth
- throat
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
the respiratory system also includes 1. 2. 3. 4.
- lungs
- diaphragm
- muscles of the chest wall
- accessory muscles of breathing
the circulatory system includes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
the ______ is the largest organ
integumentary system
functions of the integumentary system
1.
2.
3.
- protection
- temperature control
- transmission of information to brain
the digestive system includes the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
- gi tract (stomach and intestines)
- mouth
- salivary glands
- pharynx
- esophagus
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- rectum
- anus
______ is the study of how the body reacts to disease
pathophysiology
_____ can only proceed with oxygen
aerobic metabolism
____ can occur without the presence of oxygen and produces ____
anaerobic metabolism, produces ATP
the portion of the thorax that is anterior and midline is referred to as the
manubrium, xiphoid process, and sternum
the _____ divides the abdomen from the thorax, contracts to allow air to be drawn into the lungs, and forces air out during relaxation
diaphragm
the intestines have ____ muscle
smooth
brain stem uses the level of ____ in the blood stream to control respirations
CO2
the blood vessel that returns to the heart with oxygen rich blood
pulmonary vein
the most muscular chamber of the heart
left ventricle
cranial nerves are a part of the ___ NS
PNS
the brain controls the body through the endocrine system by controlling the release of
hormones
total lung capacity of the average adult male is ____ mL
6000
the circulation of blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs is called
perfusion
