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EMT Course > Chapter 5: Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomic position is when the patient stands facing _____, arms at the _____, and palms _____

A

anatomic position is when the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, and palms forward

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2
Q

list the three planes of the body

A
  1. coronal plane
  2. transverse (axial plane)
  3. sagittal
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3
Q

the coronal place separates the body into

A

front and back

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4
Q

the transverse or axial plane separates the body into

A

top and bottom

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5
Q

the sagittal plane separates the body into

A

left and right

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6
Q

the front of the body is known as ______ or ______

A

anterior or ventral

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7
Q

the back of the body is known as ______ or _______

A

posterior or dorsal

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8
Q

______ = closest to the head

A

superior

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9
Q

______ = closest to the feet

A

inferior

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10
Q

______ is closest to the point of attachment

A

proximal

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11
Q

______ is furthest from the point of attachment

A

distal

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12
Q

_____ is closest to the midline

A

medial

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13
Q

_______ is furthest from the midline

A

lateral

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14
Q

_______ is closest to the surface of the skin

A

superficial

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15
Q

____ is farthest from the surface of the skin

A

deep

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16
Q

______ is the bending of a joint

A

flexion

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17
Q

______ is the straightening of a joint

A

extension

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18
Q

______ is the motion toward the midline

A

adduction

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19
Q

_____ is the motion away from the midline

A

abduction

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20
Q

_____ is face up

A

supine

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21
Q

______ is face down

A

prone

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22
Q

the shock position is a modified _______ with feet _____ inches higher than the _____

A

the shock position is a modified trendelenburg with feet 6-12 inches higher than the head

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23
Q

______ position is sitting up with knees bent

A

fowler’s position

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24
Q

_____ position is on the left side

A

recovery

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25
Q

list the five functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. form of the body
  2. protection of organs
  3. movement
  4. calcium storage
  5. creation of blood cells
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26
Q

ligaments connect ____ to ______

A

bone to bone

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27
Q

tendons connect ____ to ______

A

bone to muscle

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28
Q

the axial skeleton is made up of what three things

A

skull, spinal column, thorax

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29
Q

skull is made up of the _____ and ______

A

cranium (4 bones) and the facial bones (14 bones)

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30
Q

the ______ is the opening into the base of the skull where the spinal column enters

A

foramen magnum

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31
Q

the spinal column has _____ vertebrae

A

33

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32
Q

list the 5 sections of the spinal column and the number of vertebrae in each

A
  1. cervical 7
  2. thoracic 12
  3. lumbar 5
  4. sacrum 5 fused
  5. coccyx 4 fused
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33
Q

the thorax contains the _______, _____, ______, and ______

A

heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels

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34
Q

appendicular skeleton consists of the
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. upper extremity
  2. pelvis
  3. lower extremity
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35
Q

in the upper extremity is the
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. shoulder
  2. arm
  3. wrist and hand
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36
Q

the shoulder is made of what 3 bones

A

clavicle, scapula, and humerus

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37
Q

the arm is made of what three bones

A

humerus, radius (lateral) and ulna (medial)

38
Q

the wrist and hand are made of _____, ____, and ____

A

carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

39
Q

the pelvis consists of the ____ and 2 _____

A

sacrum and two pelvic bones

40
Q 
the lower extremity consists of the 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. femur
  2. knee
  3. lower leg
  4. ankle
  5. foot
41
Q

the lower leg consists of the _____ and ______

A

tibia and fibula (lateral)

42
Q

the ankle is a ____ joint meaning it has ___ plane of motion

A

the ankle is a hinge joint meaning it has one plane of motion

43
Q

ball and socket joints like the _____ have ____ and ____

A

ball and socket joints like the shoulder have rotation and bending

44
Q

the musculoskeletal system gives ____, _____, and _____

A

form, posture, and movement

45
Q

there are ____ muscles that attach to the skeleton

A

600

46
Q

the _____ separates the upper airway from the lower airway

A

larynx

47
Q

the right lung has ___ lobes and the left has ____

A

R lung - 3 lobes

L lung - 2 lobes

48
Q

function of respiratory system is to provide ___ and eliminate _____

A

provide oxygen and eliminate CO2

49
Q

respiration is _____

A

gas exchange

50
Q

ventilation is the _____

A

movement of air

51
Q

_____ is the amount of air in each breath (normal rate and depth)

A

TV - tidal volume

52
Q

the systemic system brings oxygen rich blood from the ____ through the ___ and to the ____

A

oxygen rich blood from the LV through the body and to the RA

53
Q

the pulmonary system brings oxygen poor blood from the ____ through the ____ and to the _____

A

oxygen poor blood from the RV through the lungs and to the LA

54
Q

pulmonary arteries are ______ blood

A

deoxygenated

55
Q

pulmonary veins are ______ blood

A

oxygenated

56
Q

normal resting heart rate is

A

60-100 BPM

57
Q

___ is the amount of blood moved in one beat

A

SV

58
Q

___ is the amount of blood moved in 1 min

A

CO

59
Q

CO = _____ *______

A

CO = SV *HR

60
Q

the body moves ___ liters of blood in one minute

A

5-6

61
Q

____ is the LV contracting into the aorta

A

systole

62
Q

___ is the LV relaxing and filling with blood

A

diastole

63
Q

the spleen is in the _____ and filters ____

A

LUQ and filters blood

64
Q

the _____ is considered the most complex body system

A

nervous system

65
Q

the nervous system is comprised of
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. brain
  2. spinal cord
  3. nerves
66
Q

the liver, gallbladder, and colon are in the ____

A

RUQ

67
Q

the appendix is in the

A

RLQ

68
Q

the stomach, spleen, and colon are in the

A

LUQ

69
Q

______ is soft, semiflexible material that is within joints

A

cartilage

70
Q

____ covers the lungs

A

pleura

71
Q

the skeleton consists of ____ bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage

A

206 bones

72
Q

list the three types of muscle

A

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

73
Q

list the 7 air passages of the respiratory system

A
  1. nose
  2. mouth
  3. throat
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
  6. bronchi
  7. bronchioles
74
Q 
the respiratory system also includes 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. lungs
  2. diaphragm
  3. muscles of the chest wall
  4. accessory muscles of breathing
75
Q 
the circulatory system includes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. capillaries
  4. venules
  5. veins
76
Q

the ______ is the largest organ

A

integumentary system

77
Q

functions of the integumentary system
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. protection
  2. temperature control
  3. transmission of information to brain
78
Q 
the digestive system includes the 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
  1. gi tract (stomach and intestines)
  2. mouth
  3. salivary glands
  4. pharynx
  5. esophagus
  6. liver
  7. gall bladder
  8. pancreas
  9. rectum
  10. anus
79
Q

______ is the study of how the body reacts to disease

A

pathophysiology

80
Q

_____ can only proceed with oxygen

A

aerobic metabolism

81
Q

____ can occur without the presence of oxygen and produces ____

A

anaerobic metabolism, produces ATP

82
Q

the portion of the thorax that is anterior and midline is referred to as the

A

manubrium, xiphoid process, and sternum

83
Q

the _____ divides the abdomen from the thorax, contracts to allow air to be drawn into the lungs, and forces air out during relaxation

A

diaphragm

84
Q

the intestines have ____ muscle

A

smooth

85
Q

brain stem uses the level of ____ in the blood stream to control respirations

A

CO2

86
Q

the blood vessel that returns to the heart with oxygen rich blood

A

pulmonary vein

87
Q

the most muscular chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

88
Q

cranial nerves are a part of the ___ NS

A

PNS

89
Q

the brain controls the body through the endocrine system by controlling the release of

A

hormones

90
Q

total lung capacity of the average adult male is ____ mL

A

6000

91
Q

the circulation of blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs is called

A

perfusion

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