Chapter 27: Chest Injuries Flashcards
__________ is the exchange of air in the lung tissue.
respiration
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
What is tachypnea?
rapid breathing
What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths per min
________ is the coughing up of blood.
hemoptysis
What type of dressing should you apply to an open chest wound?
occlusive dressing
What should the EMT use to stabilize a flail chest?
- a small pillow
- a towel
- a large bulky dressing
- all of the above
all of the above
When blood or fluid collect inside the sac around the heart, it is called:
pericardial tamponade
A spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by:
weak areas in the lungs
Blood in the pleural space is called a:
hemothorax
he most obvious sign of flail chest is/are:
paradoxical motion
_________ should always be suspected in patients with a flail chest.
pulmonary contusion
Which of the following interventions is appropriate for all chest injuries?
- Apply an occlusive dressing.
- Provide positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
- Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
- Immobilize the patient on a long backboard.
-Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
Which of the following interventions is appropriate for all chest injuries?
- Apply an occlusive dressing.
- Provide positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
- Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
- Immobilize the patient on a long backboard.
-Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
A ______ has the potential to penetrate the lung and diaphragm and injure the liver or stomach.
penetrating chest injury
____ are often the result of blunt force trauma
Closed chest injuries
_____ are the result of some object penetrating the skin and/or chest wall.
open chest injuries
____ may result in fractures to the ribs and the sternum.
Blunt trauma
A penetrating injury that creates a hole in the chest wall is called an ______ or a ______
open pneumothorax or sucking chest wound.
A ______ may be the result of rupture of a weak spot on the lung, allowing air to enter the pleural space and accumulate.
spontaneous pneumothorax
A _____ is a result of blunt trauma resulting in fractured ribs.
simple pneumothorax
A pneumothorax may progress to a _______ and cause cardiac arrest.
tension pneumothorax
_____ is the result of blood accumulating in the pleural space
Hemothorax
A ______ is the presence of air and blood in the pleural space.
hemopneumothorax
A _____ (two or more ribs broken in two or more places) should be immobilized with a large bulky dressing.
flail chest segment
All patients with chest injuries should receive ____ or _____
high-flow oxygen or ventilation with a bag-mask device
_____ which is bruising of or injury to lung tissue after traumatic injury, may interfere with oxygen exchange in the lung tissue.
Pulmonary contusion,
_____ is sudden, severe compression of the chest.
Traumatic asphyxia
_____ describes bruising of the heart muscle.
Myocardial contusion
The central part of the chest containing the heart and great vessels is the….
mediastinum
What occurs during the process of inhalation?
diaphragm and intercostals contract
What are three lethal chest injuries that are identified during the secondary assessment?
Thoracic aortic dissection, myocardial contusion, and pulmonary contusion
What are considerations in chest trauma for the elderly?
Fragile bones, respiratory compromise, lower mechanism of injury for serious problems
What are considerations in chest trauma for children?
Flexible rib cage, less protection than an adult, more likelihood of organ injury, little understanding of consequences in trauma
When caring for a patient with signs of a pneumothorax, your MOST immediate concern should be:
ventilatory inadequacy.
