Chapter 27: Chest Injuries

Question 1

__________ is the exchange of air in the lung tissue.

Answer 1

respiration

Question 2

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What is tachypnea?

Answer 3

rapid breathing

Question 4

What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?

Answer 4

12-20 breaths per min

Question 5

________ is the coughing up of blood.

Answer 5

hemoptysis

Question 6

What type of dressing should you apply to an open chest wound?

Answer 6

occlusive dressing

Question 7

What should the EMT use to stabilize a flail chest?

• a small pillow
• a towel
• a large bulky dressing
• all of the above

Answer 7

all of the above

Question 8

When blood or fluid collect inside the sac around the heart, it is called:

Answer 8

pericardial tamponade

Question 9

A spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by:

Answer 9

weak areas in the lungs

Question 10

Blood in the pleural space is called a:

Answer 10

hemothorax

Question 11

he most obvious sign of flail chest is/are:

Answer 11

paradoxical motion

Question 12

_________ should always be suspected in patients with a flail chest.

Answer 12

pulmonary contusion

Question 13

Which of the following interventions is appropriate for all chest injuries?

• Apply an occlusive dressing.
• Provide positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
• Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
• Immobilize the patient on a long backboard.

Answer 13

-Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.

Question 14

Which of the following interventions is appropriate for all chest injuries?

• Apply an occlusive dressing.
• Provide positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
• Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
• Immobilize the patient on a long backboard.

Answer 14

-Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.

Question 15

A ______ has the potential to penetrate the lung and diaphragm and injure the liver or stomach.

Answer 15

penetrating chest injury

Question 16

____ are often the result of blunt force trauma

Answer 16

Closed chest injuries

Question 17

_____ are the result of some object penetrating the skin and/or chest wall.

Answer 17

open chest injuries

Question 18

____ may result in fractures to the ribs and the sternum.

Answer 18

Blunt trauma

Question 19

A penetrating injury that creates a hole in the chest wall is called an ______ or a ______

Answer 19

open pneumothorax or sucking chest wound.

Question 20

A ______ may be the result of rupture of a weak spot on the lung, allowing air to enter the pleural space and accumulate.

Answer 20

spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 21

A _____ is a result of blunt trauma resulting in fractured ribs.

Answer 21

simple pneumothorax

Question 22

A pneumothorax may progress to a _______ and cause cardiac arrest.

Answer 22

tension pneumothorax

Question 23

_____ is the result of blood accumulating in the pleural space

Answer 23

Hemothorax

Question 24

A ______ is the presence of air and blood in the pleural space.

Answer 24

hemopneumothorax

Question 25

A _____ (two or more ribs broken in two or more places) should be immobilized with a large bulky dressing.

Answer 25

flail chest segment

Question 26

All patients with chest injuries should receive ____ or _____

Answer 26

high-flow oxygen or ventilation with a bag-mask device

Question 27

_____ which is bruising of or injury to lung tissue after traumatic injury, may interfere with oxygen exchange in the lung tissue.

Answer 27

Pulmonary contusion,

Question 28

_____ is sudden, severe compression of the chest.

Answer 28

Traumatic asphyxia

Question 29

_____ describes bruising of the heart muscle.

Answer 29

Myocardial contusion

Question 30

The central part of the chest containing the heart and great vessels is the….

Answer 30

mediastinum

Question 31

What occurs during the process of inhalation?

Answer 31

diaphragm and intercostals contract

Question 32

What are three lethal chest injuries that are identified during the secondary assessment?

Answer 32

Thoracic aortic dissection, myocardial contusion, and pulmonary contusion

Question 33

What are considerations in chest trauma for the elderly?

Answer 33

Fragile bones, respiratory compromise, lower mechanism of injury for serious problems

Question 34

What are considerations in chest trauma for children?

Answer 34

Flexible rib cage, less protection than an adult, more likelihood of organ injury, little understanding of consequences in trauma

Question 35

When caring for a patient with signs of a pneumothorax, your MOST immediate concern should be:

Answer 35

ventilatory inadequacy.