Chapter 18: Immunologic Emergencies Flashcards
Another common name for envenomation is:
sting
Injection of medications such as penicillin may cause an immediate and severe reaction. “Immediate” is described as:
within 30 min
Eating certain foods, such as shell fish or nuts, may result in a relatively slow reaction that still can be quite severe. That relatively slow reaction time is:
more than 30 min
Which of the following is not a safe way to remove the stinger and attached muscle injected by a honeybee into the patient?
- Use clean tweezers.
- Use a clean credit card to scrape it.
- Use the edge of a sharp, stiff object to scrape it.
- Use the side of a tongue depressor to scrape it.
-Use clean tweezers.
If untreated, a severe anaphylactic reaction can proceed rapidly to death. More than two-thirds of patients who die, do so within the first:
half hour
Remember, the presence of hypoperfusion or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having a severe enough allergic reaction that can lead to death. Hypoperfusion is:
shock
Which of the following is not a common sign and symptom of allergic reactions in the respiratory system?
- an increase in pulse
- hoarseness
- tightness in the chest or throat
- wheezing and/or stridor
-an increase in pulse
All of the following are common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions related to the circulatory system, except:
- decrease in blood pressure.
- increase in pulse rate.
- sneezing, itchy runny nose.
- loss of consciousness and coma.
-sneezing, itchy runny nose.
Any substance that can trigger the body’s immune system and cause an allergic reaction is known as a(n):
allergen
_______ is a harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound.
stridor
When administering an EpiPen auto injector, it is important to hold the injector in place for ________ seconds to ensure that all of the medication is injected.
10 sec
Epinephrine can have an effect within:
1 minute
an allergic reaction is an
exaggerated immune response to any substance
an allergic reaction is not cause by
an outside stimulus
an allergic reaction is caused by
the body’s immune system which releases chemicals to combat the stimulus
chemicals that the body releases during the immune response
histamines and leukotrienes
an allergic reaction may be ____ with hives itching and tenderness or ______ with shock and respiratory failure
an allergic reaction may be LOCAL/MILD with hives itching and tenderness or SYSTEMIC/SEVERE with shock and respiratory failure
_____ is an extreme, life threatening allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
2 most common signs of anapyhlaxis
wheezing and urticaria
wheezing is a result of _____/_____
bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction
medical term for hives
urticaria
a third sign of anaphylaxis is _____ which is a result of hypovolemic shock sue to INC capillary permeability
HYPOTENSION
list the five most common allergen categories
- insect bites/stings
- medications
- food
- plants
- chemicals
insects that sting repeatedly include: ____, ____, _____
wasps, hornets, fire ants
death from stinging insects is ___ than deaths from snake bites
HIGHER
stings can result in____ which are raised, swollen, well-defined areas on the skin
wheals
the stinger should be removed by
scraping the skin with the edge of a sharp/stiff object
about ___% of people have anaphylactic reactions to stings
5%
signs of \_\_\_\_\_\_ to stings include: widespread urticaria wheals bronchospasm and wheezing hypotension
anaphylactic reactions
allergic reactions may present as ____ or _____ in the form of shock
respiratory distress or cardiovascular distress
anaphylaxis can cause rapid swelling of the
upper airway
position the conscious patient in ______ and listen to lungs on each side of the chest
tripod position
some patients in ____ may have hypotension
anaphylaxis
_____ is needed for any patient who may be having an allergic reaction
prompt transport
the secondary assessment should include a _____ or ______ to determine hidden trauma or other unrelated medical problems
systematic head to toe or focused assessment to determine hidden trauma or other unrelated medical problems
in assessing the patients breathing we look for what 4 things
grunting
head bobbing
tripod position
nostril flaring
vital signs will include:
____ resp. rate
____ pulse rate
INC resp and pulse rate
INC pulse and hypotension =
ominous signs indicating systemic vascular collapse and shock
interventions include ____ and ____ for severe reactions and ____ for milder cases
epi and ventilatory support for severe cases
O2 for milder cases
epinephrine is a ____
sympathomimetic
sympathomimetic means it
mimics the sympathetic response
with epinephrine: \_\_\_\_ BP BV \_\_\_\_\_\_ broncho\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ cardiac contractility
INC BP
BV constrict
bronchodilation
INC cardiac contractility
adult epi dose
.3 mg
pediatric epi dose
.15 mg
