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EMT Course > Chapter 15: Neurologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Neurologic Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Stroke is a common cause of brain disorder that:

A

is potentially treatable

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2
Q

When assessing a scene, do not be distracted by the seriousness of the situation or by frightened family members who want you to rush. Look first for:

A

threats to your safety

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3
Q

The time of onset during a suspected stroke is critical because it helps determine:

A

whether the patient is a candidate for treatment with clot dissolving drugs

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4
Q

Petit mal seizures are also called:

A

absence seizures

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5
Q

Often, a patient may have experienced a warning prior to the seizure event. The warning is referred to as a(n):

A

aura

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6
Q

In some situations, the postical state may be characterized by hemiparesis or:

A

weakness on one side of the body, resembling a stroke.

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7
Q

In geriatric patients, you should consider a headache as:

A

potentially serious

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8
Q

A patient who almost always has an altered or decreased level of consciousness usually is suffering from:

A

hypoglycemia

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9
Q

Treat stroke and altered mental status (AMS) in children:

A

the same way you do for adults

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10
Q

You should always do at least three neurologic tests on patients you suspect of having a stroke. Which of the following is not correct?

a. Test their speech.
b. Test facial movement.
c. Test arm movement.
d. Check blood sugar if a glucose meter is available.

A

d. Check blood sugar if a glucose meter is available.

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11
Q

Headaches can be caused by which of the following conditions?

a. stroke
b. tumors
c. sinusitis
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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12
Q

More than 80% of strokes are ________ strokes.

A

ischemic

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13
Q

In the mnemonic TIPS AEIOU, the first “I” stands for:

A

infection

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14
Q

more ____ than ____ have strokes

A

more men than women have strokes

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15
Q

but strokes are more fatal in

A

women

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16
Q

___ and _____ may also occur when there is a disorder in the brain

A

seizures and AMS

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17
Q

_____ can result from:

  • head injury
  • brain tumor
  • metabolic problem
  • genetic predisposition
A

seizures

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18
Q

the ___ is the body’s computer

A

brain

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19
Q

list the three major parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

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20
Q

the cerebrum is divided into ____ which control _____

A

left and right hemispheres which control activities on opposite sides of the body

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21
Q

what do the following parts of the cerebrum control

  • back
  • left
  • middle
  • front
A
  • back: sight
  • left: speech
  • middle: movement and touch
  • front: thought and emotion
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22
Q

the cerebellum controls

A

muscle and body coordination

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23
Q

the brainstem controls

A

basic functions like breathing, BP, swallowing, pupil constriction

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24
Q

messages sent from the brain travel through the

A

nerves

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25
Q

the brain is very sensitive to changes in ___, ____, and ___

A

temperature, O2, and glucose

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26
Q

disorders caused by the heart and lungs will…

A

affect the entire brain

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27
Q

problem mainly in the brain will…

A

only affect that part of the brain

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28
Q

____ is one of the most common complaints you will hear from your patients in terms of pain

A

headache

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29
Q

a ____/____ headache requires assessment and transport

A

sudden/severe

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30
Q

_____, _____, _____ are the most common types of headaches and are not medical emergencies

A

sinus, tension, migraine

31
Q

migraine headaches are thought to be caused by

A

changes in the BV in the base of the brain

32
Q

the ____ is the event and the ____ is the effect

A 
CVA = event
stroke = effect
33
Q

a CVA or stroke is an ____ of the ____ to the ____ that results in loss of _____

A

a CVA or stroke is an interruption of the flow of blood to the brain that results in loss of brain function

34
Q

time is

A

brain

35
Q

when the brain lacks oxygen cells ____ and _____

A

stop working and begin to die

36
Q

what are the two main types of stroke

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

37
Q

____ is a direct blockage of blood flow through the cerebral arteries

A

ischemic stroke

38
Q

ischemic strokes account for ___% of strokes

A

80%

39
Q

the blockage of an ischemic stroke is from ___ or ____

A

embolism or thrombosis

40
Q

____ is when a BV ruptures, causing INC pressure in the brain and subsequent brain damage

A

hemorrhagic stroke

41
Q

hemorrhagic strokes make up ___ % of strokes

A

10-20

42
Q

people at a high risk for hemorrhagic stroke have

A

very high BP

43
Q

cerebral hemorrhages are often

A

fatal

44
Q

a hemorrhagic stroke in healthy young people is called a

A

berry anuerysm

45
Q

with hemorrhagic shock patients may experience

A

a sudden severe headache

46
Q

____ when stroke symptoms go away on their own within less than 24 hours

A

TIA

47
Q

TIA’s are known as

A

mini strokes

48
Q

TIA’s may be

A

a warning sign of a larger stroke to come

49
Q

_____ is lack of muscle coordination (sign of stroke)

A

ataxia

50
Q

____ is speech disorders (sign of stroke)

A

dysphasia

51
Q

____ is slurred speech (sign of stroke)

A

dysarthria

52
Q

a stroke in the L hemisphere may cayse

A

aphasia

53
Q

aphasia is the inability to

A

produce or understand speech

54
Q

a stroke in the r hemisphere may cause

A

paralysis to the left side of the body and vice versa

55
Q

if there is bleeding in the brain the patient will have very high

A

BP

56
Q

three conditions that may mimic stroke

A

hypoglycemia, postictal state, subdural or epidural bleeding

57
Q

postictal state is a period after a ____ that is ____ min and characterized ___ and ____

A

period after a seizure that is 5-30 min and characterized by labored breathing and AMS

58
Q

most seizures last

A

3-5 min

59
Q

seizures make up ___% of EMS calls

A

30%

60
Q

a ____ is unconsciousness and generalized severe twitching of all muscles

A

generalized seizure

61
Q

generalized seizures result from ____ from large areas of the brain

A

abnormal discharge

62
Q

2 subcategories of partial seizures

A

simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures

63
Q

with a ____ there is sudden loss of consciousness, chaotic muscle movemengt, apnea, and is preceded by an aura

A

tonic-clonic seizure

64
Q

tonic is

A

bilateral muscle rigidity

65
Q

clonic is

A

muscle contraction and relaxation

66
Q

____ last for just seconds, after which the patient fully recovers

A

absence seizure

67
Q

seizures that continue every few minutes without the person regaining consciousness or last longer than 30 minutes

A

status epilepticus

68
Q

4 common causes of AMS

A

hypoglycemia, overdose, intoxication, poisoning

69
Q

signs and symptoms of AMS vary from ___ to ____

A

confusion to coma

70
Q

name of the stroke assessment used during the secondary assessment

A

cincinnatti prehospital stroke scale

71
Q

cincinnatti prehospital stroke scale tests for

A

speech, facial movement, arm movement

72
Q

all patients with AMS need a

A

GCS score

73
Q

vital signs with a stroke include

A

DEC HR, erratic respirations, INC BP, changes in pupil size and reactivity

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