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Med Terms > Chapter 7 Primary Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Primary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System

A

Supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body

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2
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Consists of nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and the trachea

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3
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Consists of the bronchial tree and lungs, located within the thoracic cavity or rib cage

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4
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

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5
Q

Cilia

A

Thin hairs located inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

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6
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

Line the nose, specialized tissue

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7
Q

Mucus

A

Slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates these tissues

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8
Q

Olfactory Receptors

A

Nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell, important for sense of taste

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9
Q

Tonsils

A

Part of the lymphatic system, located in the back of the mouth

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10
Q

Adenoids

A

Part of the lymphatic system, behind the nose and the roof of the mouth

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11
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in the bones of the skull

Para means near, nas means nose, al means pertaining to

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12
Q

Frontal Sinuses

A

Located just above the eyebrows

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13
Q

Sphenoid Sinuses

A

Located in sphenoid bone behind the eyes

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14
Q

Maxillary Sinuses

A

Largest of the paranasal sinuses, located under the eyes

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15
Q

Ethmoid Sinuses

A

Located between the nose and eyes

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16
Q

Pharynx

Throat

A

Receives the air after it passes through the nose or mouth

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17
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Posterior to the nasal cavity, continues downward behind mouth, unsed only to transport air

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18
Q

Oropharynx

A

Portion that is visible when looking into the mouth,transports air, food, and fluids

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19
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Shared by both respiratory and digestive systems, air, food, and fluids continue down

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20
Q

Larynx

A

Triangular chamber located between pharynx and trachea, contains the vocal cords

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21
Q

Epiglottis

A

Lid like structure located at the base of the tongue, closes off the laryngopharynx so food can’t enter the trachea or the lungs

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22
Q

Trachea

A

Transport air to and from the lungs

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23
Q

Bronchi

A

Two large tubes that branch out from the trachea and convey air into the lungs

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24
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smallest branches of the bronchi

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25
Q

Alveoli

A

Very small, grape like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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26
Q

Surfactant

A

Produced by alveoli, detergent like substance that reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs

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27
Q

Right Lung

A

Larger, three lobes: upper or superior, middle, and lower or inferior

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28
Q

Left Lung

A

Only two lobes: upper and lower due to space restrictions from the heart

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29
Q

Mediastinum

(mee-dee-as-TYE-num)

A

Middle section of the chest cavity, located between the lungs, contains: the heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland, and lymph nodes

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30
Q

Pleura

A

Thin, moist and slippery membrane that covers the outer surfce of the lungs and lines the inner cavity of the thoracic cavity

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31
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Outer layer of thhe pleura, lines the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung

Parietal means relating to the walls of a cavity

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32
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, attaches directly to the lungs

Visceral means relating to the internal organs

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33
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Thin, fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes, acts as a lubricant

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34
Q

Diaphragm

Thoracic Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped sheet of muscle that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

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35
Q

Phrenic Nerves

A

Simulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract

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36
Q

Respiration

Breathing

A

Exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide

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37
Q

Inhalation

A

Act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

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38
Q

Exhalation

A

Act of breathing out, as the diaphragm relaxes it moves upwards

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39
Q

External Respiration

A

The act of bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide

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40
Q

Internal Respiration

Cellular Respiration

A

The exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues

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41
Q

Otolaryngologist (ENT)

A

A physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

Oto means ear, laryng means larynx

ologist means specialist

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42
Q

Pulmonologist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

Pulmon means lung, ologist means specialist

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43
Q

Respiratory Therapist (RT)

A

Licensed medical professional who specializes in treating patients who are having difficulty breathing

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44
Q

Thoracic Surgeon

A

Performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest including the heart, lungs, and esophagus

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45
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out, generally caused by smoking and is permanent

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46
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant

Bronch means bronchus, itis means inflammation

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47
Q

Emphysema

A

Progressive long term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking, alveoli are destroyed making breathing rapid, shallow, and difficult

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48
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

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49
Q

Airway Inflammation

A

Swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus

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50
Q

Bronchospasm

A

The contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

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51
Q

Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the airways that develops 5-15 minutes afer physical exertion

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52
Q

Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)

A

Describes a common cold

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53
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

Comonly referred to as an allergy, an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause increased flow of mucus

Rhin means nose, itis means inflammation

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54
Q

Croup

A

Acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords

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55
Q

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

A

Bleeding from the nose caused by fry air, injury medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure

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56
Q

Influenza

Flu

A

Acute, highly contagious viral infection charazcterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain

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57
Q

Pertussis

Whooping Cough

A

Contagious acterial infection of te upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough

Paroxysmal means sudden or spasm-like

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58
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A

Common, highly contagious viral infection, mild and similar to the common cold

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59
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles

Bronchiol means bronchioles, itis means inflammation

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60
Q

Rinorrhea

Runny Nose

A

Watery flow of mucus from the nose

Rhin/o means nose, rrhea means abnormal discharge

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61
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses

Sinus means sinus, itis means inflammation

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62
Q

Pharyngitis

Sore Throat

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

Pharyng means pharynx, itis means inflammation

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63
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

Laryng/o means larynx, spasm means a sudden involuntary contract

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64
Q

Aphonia

A

Loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

A means without, phon means voice, ia means abnormal conditi

65
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty in speaking which may include any impairment n vocal quality

Dys means bad, phon means voice, ia means abnormal condition

66
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx, commonly used to describe voice loss caused by this inflamation

Laryng means larynx, itis means inflammation

67
Q

Acute Bronchitis

Chest Cold

A

Inflammation of the bronchi usually caused by a viral infection

68
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

Bronch/i means bronchus, ectasis means stretching or enlargement

69
Q

Bronchorrea

A

Excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi

Bronch/o means Bronchus, rrhea means abnormal flow

70
Q

Pleurisy

Pleuritis

A

Inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity

Pleur means pleura, isy is a noun ending

71
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Sharp chest pain that occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

72
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, produces a feeling of breathlessness

Effusion is the escape of fluid from blood vessels into the tissues

73
Q

Pyothorax

Pleural Empyema

A

Presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane resulting from a bacterial infection

Py/o means pus, thorax means chest

74
Q

Empyema

A

Refers to a collection of pus in any body cavity

75
Q

Hemothorax

A

Collection of blood in the pleural cavity, results from chest trauma such as a stab wound

Hem/o means blood, thorax means chest

76
Q

Pneumothorax

A

The accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

Pneum/o means lung or air, thorax means chest

77
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

Lung condition caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes, inhaled vomit, or sepsis

78
Q

Atelectasis

Collapsed Lung

A

The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages

Atel means incomplete, ectasis means stretching or enlargement

79
Q

Granuloma

A

General term used to describe a localized area of inflammation, usually in the lungs

Granul means granular, oma means tumor

80
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli

Edema means swelling

81
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region

82
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious disease, attacks the lungs

83
Q

Pneumonia

A

Serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

Pneumon means lung, ia means abnormal condition

84
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles

bronch/o means bronchial tubes, pneumon means lung

85
Q

Lobar Pneumonia

A

Affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections or lobes of a lung

86
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A

Can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

87
Q

Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

A

Any pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

88
Q

Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Most commonly caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae

89
Q

Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

Type of pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaired

90
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Milder but longer lasting form of the disease caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae

91
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

Oppurtunistic infection caused by the yeast like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii

92
Q

Viral Pneumonia

A

Can be caused by several different types of viruses

93
Q

Intersitial Lung Disease

A

Refers to a group of almost 200 disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli

94
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty breathing

Fibros means fibrous connective tissue

95
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by mineral dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

Pneumo/o means lung, coni means dust, osis means abnormal

96
Q

Asbestosis

A

Caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

Asbest means asbestos, osis means abnormal condition

97
Q

Silicosis

A

Caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs

Silic means glass, osis means abnormal condition

98
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quanities of abnormally thick mucus

99
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Leading cause of death in the US, condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

99
Q

Eupnea

A

Easy or normal breathing

Eu means good, pnea means breathing

100
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

A means without, pnea means breathing

101
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow rate of respiration

Brady means slow, pnea means breathing

101
Q

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath (SOB)

A

Difficult or labored breathing

Dys means painful, pnea means breathing

101
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

101
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid rate of repiration

Tachy means fast, pnea means breathing

102
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Commonly associated with exertion, breathing that is deeper or more rapid than is normal at rest

Hyper means excessive, pnea means breathing

103
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow or slow respiration

Hypo means decreased, pnea means breathing

104
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Abnormally rapid rate of deep repiration that is usually associated with anxiety

Hyper means excessive, ventilation means breathing

104
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatdly stops and starts during sleep for periods long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

104
Q

Expectoration

A

Act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid

Expector means to cough up, ation means state or action

105
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmoary or bronchial hemorrhage

Hem/o means blood, ptysis means spitting

106
Q

Airway Obstruction

Choking

A

Food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

107
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

An means without, ox means oxygen

107
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of having defiecent oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs, less severe than anoxia

Hyp means deficient, ox means oxygen

107
Q

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A

Exposure to CO interferes with the body’s ability to utilize oxygen

107
Q

Asphyxia

A

Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

108
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

Cyan means blue

109
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Hyper means excessive, capn means carbon dioxide

109
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood

Hyp means deficent, ox means oxygen, emia means blood

109
Q

Respiratory Failure

A

The level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or carbon dioxide levels are too high

110
Q

Smoke Inhalation

A

Chemical damage and burns to the lungs caused by breathing in hot smoke containing products of combustion

111
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Sudden and unexplainable dath of a healthy sleeping infant, cause of death is unknown

112
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Bronch/o means bronchus, -scopy means direct visual examnination

112
Q

Chest X-Ray

A

Valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung cancer, pnuemothorax, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and emphysema

112
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examnination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

Laryng/o means larynx, scopy means visual examinantion

113
Q

Peak Flow Meter

A

Inexpensive handheld device used by asthma patients to meausre air flow out of the lungs

113
Q

Polysomnography

Sleep Study

A

Measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

Poly means many, somn/o means sleep, graphy means recording

113
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

A

Group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer

114
Q

Spirometer

A

Recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

115
Q

Pulse Oximeter

A

External monitor olaced on the patients fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

116
Q

Sputum Cytology

A

Procedure in which a sample of mucus is coughed up from the lungs and then examined under a microscope to detect cancer cells

117
Q

Sputum Culture & Sensitivity

A

Test in which a sample of mucus in coughed up from the lungs and monitored for bacterial growth

118
Q

Sputum

A

Phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

119
Q

Phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

120
Q

Tuberculin skin testing

A

Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small amount of tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative is injected just under the top layer of the skin

121
Q

Antitussive

Cough Medicine

A

Administered to prevent or relieve coughing

Anti means against, tuss means cough, ive means perform

122
Q

Decongestant

Nasal Decongestant

A

Administered orally or intranasally to relieve nasal congestion from allergies or illness

123
Q

Expectorant

A

Oral medication that makes it easier to cough up mucus by making it thinner and less viscous

124
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Inhaled medicarion that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

125
Q

Metered-dose Inhaler

A

administers a specific amount of medication such as a bronchodilator in aerosal form

126
Q

Nebulizer

A

lectronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

127
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

Passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

128
Q

Functional Endoscopic Sinus SUrgery (FESS)

A

Procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is trated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

129
Q

Laryngotomy

A

Surgical incision into the larynx, performed when the upper part of the airway is obstructed

130
Q

Septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of parts of the nasal septum

Sept/o means septum, plasty means surgical repair

131
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

Trache means trachea, otomy means surgical incision

131
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanant tube to facilitate breathing

Trache means trachea, ostomy means surgical creation

132
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Surgical removal of all or part of a lung

Pneumon means lung, ectomy means surgical removal

133
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lobe of an organ, usually the lung, brain, liver, or thyroid gland

134
Q

Thoracentisis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

Thor/a means thorax, centisis means surgical puncture

134
Q

Wedge Resection

A

Surgery in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer

135
Q

Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)

A

Use of a thorascope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions

135
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

136
Q

CPAP Machine (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

A

Noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea

137
Q

BIPAP Machine (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure)

A

Can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling

138
Q

Ventilator

A

Mechanical device for artificial repiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing function

139
Q

Supplemental Oxygen

A

Administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate blood oxygen saturation level from breathing normal air

140
Q

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

A

Involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal

141
Q

Ambubag or BVM (Bag Valve Mask)

A

Emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation

Med Terms (26 decks)

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