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Med Terms > Chapter 12 Primary Words > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Primary Words Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin and its related structures, performs important function in maintaining health

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2
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Secretes sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages bacteria growth

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3
Q

Cutaneous

A

Pertaining to the skin

Cutane means skin, -ous means pertaining to

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin, made up of several specialized epithelial tissues

Epi means above or upon, derm means skin

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissues

A

Protective covering for all the internal and ecternal surfaces of the body

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6
Q

Squamous Epithelial Tissue

(SKWAY-mus)

A

Upper layer of the spidermis, consists of flat, scaly cells that shed

Squamos means scale-like

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7
Q

Basal Layer

(BAY-shul)

A

Lowest layer of the epidermis, new cells are produced and pushed upward

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8
Q

Keratin

A

Fibrous, water-repellent protein, primary component of epidermis

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9
Q

Melanocytes

A

Special cells found in the basal cell layer, produce and contain dark brown or black migment

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10
Q

Melanin

A

Determines the color of skin, freckles and age spots, protects skin against UV

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11
Q

Dermis

Corium

A

Thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis, contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers

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12
Q

Sensory Nerve Endings

A

In the Dermis, receptors for stimuli such as touch, temp, pain, and pressure

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13
Q

Collagen

A

Means glue, tough but flexible material found in skin, bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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14
Q

Mast Cells

A

In the connective tissue, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances

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15
Q

Heparin

A

Released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant which prevents clotting

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16
Q

Histamine

A

Released in response to allergens

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17
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

Located just below the layers of skin and connects to the surface muscles

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18
Q

Lipocytes

A

Fat cells, manufacture and store large quantities of fat

Lip/o means fat, -cytes means cell

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19
Q

Sweat Glands

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Tiny, coiled glands on almost all body surfaces

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20
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A

Found on hair follicles

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21
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A

Open onto the skin

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22
Q

Pores

A

Openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat galnds

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23
Q

Perspiration

A

Sweat, made by sweat glands and is 99% water

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24
Q

Hidrosis

A

Production and excretion of sweat

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25
Q

Hair Follicles

A

Sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

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26
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Tiny muscle fibers attached to hair follicles, cause hair to stand errect

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27
Q

Unguis

(UNG-gwis)

A

Nails, keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of each finger and toe

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28
Q

Lunula

(LOO-new-lah)

A

Pale, half moon shaped region at nail root, new Keratin cells form here

Lun means moon, -ula means little

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29
Q

Cuticle

A

Narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail, protecting new keratin cells as they form

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30
Q

Nail Root

A

Fastens the nail to the finger or toe

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31
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Acne, chronic inflammatory disease, overproduction of sebum

Vulgaris means common

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32
Q

Comedo

A

Noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle, Obstructed opening is a whitehead, Exposed to air becomes blackhead

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33
Q

Epidermoid Cyst

(epi-ih-DER-moyd SIST)

A

Referred to as a sebaceous cyst is a closed sac that is found under the skin, contain yellow, fatty material

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34
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes itching of the scalp

Seb/o means sebum, -rheic means pertaining to flow or discharge

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35
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Benign skin growth that has a waxy look, can be tan to black

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36
Q

Anhidrosis

Hypohidrosis

A

Abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat, at risk for heat stroke

An means without, hidr means sweat

-osis means abnormal condition

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37
Q

Diaphoresis

(dye-ah-foh-REE-sis)

A

Profuse sweating, can be normal but also be the body’s response to stress

Dia means through or complete, phor means movement,

esis means abnormal condition

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38
Q

Heat Rash

Prickly Heat

A

Intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat cells by bacteria and dead cells

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39
Q

Heat Stroke

A

Medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temps

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40
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Condition of excessive sweating on one area or over the whole body

Hyper means excessive, hidr means sweat

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41
Q

Sleep Hyperhydrosis

Night Sweats

A

Hyperhydrosis during sleep

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42
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation of the hair follicles, common on arms, legs, and beard

Follicul means hair follicle, -itis means inflammation

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43
Q

Trichomycosis Axillaris

(try-koh-my-KOH-sis ak-sih-LAR-is)

A

Superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extesive sweat glands such as armpits

Trich/o means hair, myc means fungus, axill means armpit

-ary means pertaining to

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44
Q

Hirsutism

A

Pressence of excessive body and facial hair in women, hereditary or hormonal imbalance

Hirsut means hairy, -ism means condition

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45
Q

Alopecia

Baldness

A

Partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

Alopec means baldness, -ic means abnormal condition

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46
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well defined bald areas on the scalp

Areata means areas

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47
Q

Alopecia Totalis

A

Uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp

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48
Q

Alopecia Universalis

A

Total loss of hair on all parts of the body

Universalis means universal

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49
Q

Androgenic Alopecia

A

Most common type of hair loss, Androgenic is the hormones involved in the development of male characteristics

Male Pattern Baldness, Female Pattern Baldness

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50
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

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51
Q

Koilonychia

(koy-loh-NICK-ee-ah)

A

Known as spoon nail, malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like a spood

Koil means concave, onych means nail, -ia means abnormal con

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52
Q

Onychia

Onychitis

A

Inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in loss of nail

Onych means fingernail or toenail, -ia means abnormal condition

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53
Q

Onychocryptosis

(on-ih-koh-krip-TOH-sis)

A

Also known as ingrown toenail

Crypt means hidden, -osis means abnormal condition

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54
Q

Onychomycosis

(on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis)

A

Fungal infection of the nail, can cause nails to turn white, yellow, green, or black

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55
Q

Onycholysis

(on-ih-koh-LYE-sis)

A

Separation of the nail palte from the nail bed

Onych means nail, -lysis means separation

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56
Q

Paronychia

(par-oh-NICK-ee-ah)

A

Acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

Par means around, onych means nail, -ia means abnormal condi

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57
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans

A

Condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, velvety, areas of discoloration

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58
Q

Age Spots

Solar Lentigines or Liver spots

A

Discolorations caused by sun exposure, resemble skin cancer growths

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59
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises

Albin means white, -ism means condition

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60
Q

Melasma

Chloasma or Mask of Pregnancy

A

Pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face, can occur during prenancy but goes away after delivery

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61
Q

Vitiligo

A

Skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes

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62
Q

Contusion

A

Injury to underlying tissues without breaking skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain

Contus means bruise, -ion means condition

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63
Q

Ecchymosis

(eck-ih-MOH-sis)

A

A bruise, large, irregular area pf purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

Ecchym means pouring out of juice, osis means abnormal condition

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64
Q

Purpura

A

Apperance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

Purpur means purple, -a is a noun ending

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65
Q

Petechiae

(peh-TEE-kee-eye)

A

Very small, pinpoint hemorrhages, can result from high fevers

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66
Q

Hematoma

A

Swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

Hemat means blood, -oma means tumor

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67
Q

Lesion

A

Pathologic change to tissues due to disease or injury

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68
Q

Crust

Scab

A

Collection of hard, dried serum and blood that forms as a barrier over a wound

69
Q

Eschar

A

Dead, crust-like tissue found in a full-thickness wound, usually brown or black, stage of healing

70
Q

Erosion

A

Wearing away of a surface, such as the epidermis of the skin

71
Q

Macule

A

Discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter

Freckles or flat moles

72
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule

Acne scars can come from this

73
Q

Papule

A

Small, raised skin lesion larger than .5cm in diameter and does not contain pus

74
Q

Plaque

A

Scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules

75
Q

Scales

A

Flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal calls

76
Q

Verrucae

(veh-ROO-kee)

A

Warts, small, hard lesions caused by the human papillomavirus

77
Q

Wheal

welt

A

Small bumb that itches, can appear as hives

78
Q

Abscess

A

Closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection

79
Q

Purulent

A

Producing or containing pus

80
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound

81
Q

Cyst

A

Abnormal sac containg gas, fluid, or a semisolid material

82
Q

Pustule

pimple

A

Small, circumscribed lesion containing pus

Circumscribed means contained in a limited area

83
Q

Vesicle

A

Small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter, contain watery fluid

ex. Poison ivy

84
Q

Bulla

A

Large blister that is usually more than .5 cm in diameter

85
Q

Abrasion

A

Injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

86
Q

Pressure Ulcer

Decubilitus Ulcer

A

Open ulcerated wound that us caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence

87
Q

Needlestick Injury

A

Accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection

88
Q

Ulcer

A

Open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

89
Q

Pigmented Birthmark

A

Include moles

90
Q

Vascular Birthmarks

A

Caused by blood vessels close to the skin’s surface, most common

91
Q

Macular Stains

A

Flat, red irregularly shaped birthmarks

92
Q

Capillary Hemangioma

Strawberry birthmark

A

Soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark

Hem means red, angi means blood, oma means tumor

93
Q

Port-wine Stain

A

Flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating large, reddish, purple discoloration

94
Q

Dermatitis

A

Describes inflammation of the skin

95
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Localized rash caused by repeated contact with an irritant

96
Q

Intertrigo

A

Dermatitis caused by the friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds

97
Q

Eczema

Atopic Dermatitis

A

A form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness

98
Q

Exfoliative Dermatitis

A

Condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin

99
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching, associated with most forms of dermatitis

Prurit means itching, us is a noun ending

100
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin due to capilary dilation

101
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

Fifth Disease

A

Mildly contagious viral infection that is common in childhood, produces red, lace-like rash on the child’s face

102
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication

103
Q

Erythema Pernio

Chilblains

A

Purple, red inflammation that occurs when the small blood vessels below the skin are damaged usually due to cold and damp weather

104
Q

Sunburn

A

Cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight

105
Q

Erythroderma

A

Abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

Erythr/o means red, derma means skin

106
Q

Exanthem

A

Widespread rash, commonly in children

107
Q

Dermatosis

A

General term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation

108
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin

Ichthy means dry or scaly, -osis means abnormal condition

109
Q

Lipedema

Painful Fat Syndrome

A

Chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues under the skin of hips and legs

Lip means fat, -edema means swelling

110
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Lupus

A

An autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk

111
Q

Psoriasis (Ps)

A

Common skin disorder characterized by flare ups in which red papules covered with silver scales occur

112
Q

Rosacea

A

Tiny red pimples and enlarged red blood vessels on the face, unknown cause

113
Q

Nevus

Moles

A

Small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin

114
Q

Rhinophyma

Bulbous Nose

A

Occurs in older men, characterized by hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose

115
Q

Scleroderma

A

Autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing skin to become hard and swollen

Scler/o means hard, derma means skin

116
Q

Urticaria

Hives

A

Itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

Urtic means rash, aria means connected with

117
Q

Xeroderma

Xerosis

A

Excessively dry skin

Xer/o means dry, derma means skin

118
Q

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

A

Mild viral infection common in children under 5 years of age

119
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

(moh-LUS-kum kon-tay-gee-OH-sum)

A

Viral infection that causes small, raised lesions, called mollusca

120
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks

121
Q

Furuncles

Bolis

A

Large, tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

122
Q

Carbuncle

A

Cluster of connected furuncles

123
Q

Gangrene

A

Death of tissue, most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

124
Q

Impetigo

A

Highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children

125
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)

A

Rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, flesh-eating bacteria, can live on skin but not inside body

126
Q

Pyoderma

A

Any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection

Py/o means pus, -derma means skin

127
Q

Mycosis

A

Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

Myc means fungus, -osis means abnormal condition

128
Q

Tinea

Ringworm

A

Fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails

129
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Found on the scalps of childern

130
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

Fungal infection of the skin on the body

131
Q

Tinea Cruris

132
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

Athlete’s Foot

133
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin

134
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice

Pedicul means lice, -osis means abnormal condition

135
Q

Scabies

A

Skin infection caused by an infestsation of itch mites

136
Q

Callus

A

Thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing

137
Q

Cicatrix

A

Normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

138
Q

Granulation Tissue

A

Tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound, eventually forms a scar

139
Q

Keloid

A

Abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

Kel means growth, oid means resembling

140
Q

Keratosis

A

Any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

Kerat means hard, -osis means abnormal condition

141
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

Lip means fatty, -oma means tumor

142
Q

Dysplastic Nevi

A

Atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

143
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body such as in the bladder

Papill means resembling, -oma means tumor

144
Q

Polyp

A

Describes a mushroom like growth from the surface of the mucous membrane, such as a polyp in the nose

145
Q

Skin Tags

Achrocordon

A

Small, flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks

146
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Malignat growth on the skin which can have many causes

147
Q

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

Solar Keratosis

A

Precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun damaged skin

148
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

A

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

149
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

A

Orginates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium

150
Q

Malignant Melanoma

Melanoma

A

Skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes, Most serious

Melan means black, -oma means tumor

151
Q

Biopsy

A

The removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis

Bi means pertaining to life, -opsy means view of

152
Q

Incisional Biopsy

A

A piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed

153
Q

Excisonal Biopsy

A

The entire tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed

154
Q

Needle Biopsy

A

A hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination

155
Q

Exfoliative Cytology

A

Technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

156
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafts, replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body

Dermat/o means skin, -plasty means surgical repair

157
Q

Cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by burning

158
Q

Chemabrasion

Chemical Peel

A

Use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses

159
Q

Cyrosurgery

A

Destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors through the cold

160
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of material from the surface by scraping

161
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of dirt, foriegn objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

162
Q

Irrigation and Debridement

A

Pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris

163
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper, removes acne and chickenpox scars

164
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

Surgical technique performed in conjunction with curettage in which layers of tissue are destryoed using an electric sparkand then scraped away

165
Q

Mohs Surgery

A

Technique to treat various types of skin cancer, layers are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time

166
Q

Phototherapy

A

Use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema

167
Q

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

A

Blue Light Therapy, technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin

Med Terms (26 decks)

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