Chapter 12 Primary Words Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
Integumentary System
A
Skin and its related structures, performs important function in maintaining health
2
Q
Sebaceous Gland
A
Secretes sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages bacteria growth
3
Q
Cutaneous
A
Pertaining to the skin
Cutane means skin, -ous means pertaining to
4
Q
Epidermis
A
Outermost layer of skin, made up of several specialized epithelial tissues
Epi means above or upon, derm means skin
5
Q
Epithelial Tissues
A
Protective covering for all the internal and ecternal surfaces of the body
6
Q
Squamous Epithelial Tissue
(SKWAY-mus)
A
Upper layer of the spidermis, consists of flat, scaly cells that shed
Squamos means scale-like
7
Q
Basal Layer
(BAY-shul)
A
Lowest layer of the epidermis, new cells are produced and pushed upward
8
Q
Keratin
A
Fibrous, water-repellent protein, primary component of epidermis
9
Q
Melanocytes
A
Special cells found in the basal cell layer, produce and contain dark brown or black migment
10
Q
Melanin
A
Determines the color of skin, freckles and age spots, protects skin against UV
11
Q
Dermis
Corium
A
Thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis, contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers
12
Q
Sensory Nerve Endings
A
In the Dermis, receptors for stimuli such as touch, temp, pain, and pressure
13
Q
Collagen
A
Means glue, tough but flexible material found in skin, bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
14
Q
Mast Cells
A
In the connective tissue, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances
15
Q
Heparin
A
Released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant which prevents clotting
16
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Histamine
A
Released in response to allergens
17
Q
Subcutaneous Layer
A
Located just below the layers of skin and connects to the surface muscles
18
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Lipocytes
A
Fat cells, manufacture and store large quantities of fat
Lip/o means fat, -cytes means cell
19
Q
Sweat Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
A
Tiny, coiled glands on almost all body surfaces
20
Q
Apocrine Sweat Glands
A
Found on hair follicles
21
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
A
Open onto the skin
22
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Pores
A
Openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat galnds
23
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Perspiration
A
Sweat, made by sweat glands and is 99% water
24
Q
Hidrosis
A
Production and excretion of sweat
25
Hair Follicles
Sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
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Arrector Pili
Tiny muscle fibers attached to hair follicles, cause hair to stand errect
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Unguis
| (**UNG**-gwis)
Nails, keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of each finger and toe
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Lunula
| (**LOO**-new-lah)
Pale, half moon shaped region at nail root, new Keratin cells form here
| **Lun** means moon, -**ula** means little
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Cuticle
Narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail, protecting new keratin cells as they form
30
Nail Root
Fastens the nail to the finger or toe
31
Acne Vulgaris
Acne, chronic inflammatory disease, overproduction of sebum
| *Vulgaris* means common
32
Comedo
Noninfected lesion formed by the *buildup* of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle, **Obstructed** opening is a whitehead, **Exposed** to air becomes blackhead
33
Epidermoid Cyst
| (**epi**-ih-**DER**-moyd **SIST**)
Referred to as a *sebaceous cyst* is a closed sac that is found under the skin, contain yellow, fatty material
34
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes itching of the scalp
| **Seb/o** means sebum, -**rheic** means pertaining to flow or discharge
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Seborrheic Keratosis
Benign skin growth that has a waxy look, can be tan to black
36
Anhidrosis
| *Hypohidrosis*
Abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat, at risk for heat stroke
| **An** means without, **hidr** means sweat
## Footnote
-**osis** means abnormal condition
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Diaphoresis
| (**dye**-ah-foh-**REE**-sis)
Profuse sweating, can be normal but also be the body's response to stress
| **Dia** means through or complete, **phor** means movement,
## Footnote
**esis** means abnormal condition
38
Heat Rash
| *Prickly Heat*
Intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat cells by bacteria and dead cells
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Heat Stroke
Medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temps
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Hyperhidrosis
Condition of excessive sweating on one area or over the whole body
| **Hyper** means excessive, **hidr** means sweat
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Sleep Hyperhydrosis
| Night Sweats
Hyperhydrosis during sleep
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Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicles, common on arms, legs, and beard
| **Follicul** means hair follicle, -**itis** means inflammation
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Trichomycosis Axillaris
| (**try**-koh-my-**KOH**-sis **ak**-sih-**LAR**-is)
Superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extesive sweat glands such as armpits
| **Trich/o** means hair, **myc** means fungus, **axill** means armpit
## Footnote
-**ary** means pertaining to
44
Hirsutism
Pressence of excessive body and facial hair in women, hereditary or hormonal imbalance
| **Hirsut** means hairy, -**ism** means condition
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Alopecia
| *Baldness*
Partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp
| **Alopec** means baldness, -**ic** means abnormal condition
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Alopecia Areata
Autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well defined bald **areas** on the scalp
| *Areata means areas*
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Alopecia Totalis
Uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp
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Alopecia Universalis
Total loss of hair on all parts of the body
| *Universalis means universal*
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Androgenic Alopecia
Most common type of hair loss, Androgenic is the hormones involved in the development of male characteristics
| *Male Pattern Baldness, Female Pattern Baldness*
50
Clubbing
Abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
51
Koilonychia
| (**koy**-loh-**NICK**-ee-ah)
Known as spoon nail, malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like a spood
| **Koil** means concave, **onych** means nail, -**ia** means abnormal con
52
Onychia
| *Onychitis*
Inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in loss of nail
| **Onych** means fingernail or toenail, -**ia** means abnormal condition
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Onychocryptosis
| (**on**-ih-koh-krip-**TOH**-sis)
Also known as ingrown toenail
| **Crypt** means hidden, -**osis** means abnormal condition
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Onychomycosis
| (**on**-ih-koh-my-**KOH**-sis)
Fungal infection of the nail, can cause nails to turn white, yellow, green, or black
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Onycholysis
| (**on**-ih-koh-**LYE**-sis)
Separation of the nail palte from the nail bed
| **Onych** means nail, -**lysis** means separation
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Paronychia
| (**par**-oh-**NICK**-ee-ah)
Acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
| **Par** means around, **onych** means nail, -**ia** means abnormal condi
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Acanthosis Nigricans
Condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, velvety, areas of discoloration
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Age Spots
| *Solar Lentigines* or *Liver spots*
Discolorations caused by sun exposure, resemble skin cancer growths
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Albinism
Genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises
| **Albin** means white, -**ism** means condition
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Melasma
| *Chloasma* or *Mask of Pregnancy*
Pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face, can occur during prenancy but goes away after delivery
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Vitiligo
Skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes
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Contusion
Injury to underlying tissues without breaking skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain
| **Contus** means bruise, -**ion** means condition
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Ecchymosis
| (**eck**-ih-**MOH**-sis)
A bruise, large, irregular area pf purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
| **Ecchym** means pouring out of juice, **osis** means abnormal condition
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Purpura
Apperance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
| **Purpur** means purple, -**a** is a noun ending
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Petechiae
| (peh-**TEE**-kee-eye)
Very small, pinpoint hemorrhages, can result from high fevers
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Hematoma
Swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues
| **Hemat** means blood, -**oma** means tumor
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Lesion
Pathologic change to tissues due to disease or injury
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Crust
| *Scab*
Collection of hard, dried serum and blood that forms as a barrier over a wound
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Eschar
Dead, crust-like tissue found in a full-thickness wound, usually brown or black, stage of healing
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Erosion
Wearing away of a surface, such as the epidermis of the skin
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Macule
Discolored flat spot that is **less** than 1cm in diameter
| Freckles or flat moles
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Nodule
Solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule
| Acne scars can come from this
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Papule
Small, raised skin lesion **larger** than .5cm in diameter and does not contain pus
74
Plaque
Scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules
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Scales
Flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal calls
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Verrucae
| (veh-**ROO**-kee)
*Warts*, small, hard lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
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Wheal
| *welt*
Small bumb that itches, can appear as hives
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Abscess
Closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection
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Purulent
Producing or containing pus
80
Exudate
Fluid, such as pus, that leaks **out** of an infected wound
81
Cyst
Abnormal sac containg gas, fluid, or a semisolid material
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Pustule
| *pimple*
Small, circumscribed lesion containing pus
| *Circumscribed* means contained in a limited area
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Vesicle
Small blister, **less** than .5 cm in diameter, contain watery fluid
| ex. Poison ivy
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Bulla
Large blister that is usually **more** than .5 cm in diameter
85
Abrasion
Injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
86
Pressure Ulcer
| *Decubilitus Ulcer*
Open ulcerated wound that us caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence
87
Needlestick Injury
Accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection
88
Ulcer
Open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
89
Pigmented Birthmark
Include moles
90
Vascular Birthmarks
Caused by blood vessels close to the skin's surface, most common
91
Macular Stains
Flat, red irregularly shaped birthmarks
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Capillary Hemangioma
| *Strawberry birthmark*
Soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark
| **Hem** means red, **angi** means blood, **oma** means tumor
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Port-wine Stain
Flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating large, reddish, purple discoloration
94
Dermatitis
Describes inflammation of the skin
95
Contact Dermatitis
Localized rash caused by repeated contact with an irritant
96
Intertrigo
Dermatitis caused by the friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds
97
Eczema
| *Atopic Dermatitis*
A form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness
98
Exfoliative Dermatitis
Condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin
99
Pruritus
Itching, associated with most forms of dermatitis
| **Prurit** means itching, **us** is a noun ending
100
Erythema
Redness of the skin due to capilary dilation
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Erythema Infectiosum
| *Fifth Disease*
Mildly contagious viral infection that is common in childhood, produces red, lace-like rash on the child's face
102
Erythema Multiforme
Skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication
103
Erythema Pernio
| *Chilblains*
Purple, red inflammation that occurs when the small blood vessels below the skin are damaged usually due to cold and damp weather
104
Sunburn
Cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight
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Erythroderma
Abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
| **Erythr/o** means red, **derma** means skin
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Exanthem
Widespread rash, commonly in children
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Dermatosis
General term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are **not** associated with inflammation
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Ichthyosis
Group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin
| **Ichthy** means dry or scaly, -**osis** means abnormal condition
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Lipedema
| *Painful Fat Syndrome*
Chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues under the skin of hips and legs
| **Lip** means fat, -**edema** means swelling
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
| *Lupus*
An autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk
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Psoriasis (Ps)
Common skin disorder characterized by flare ups in which red papules covered with silver scales occur
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Rosacea
Tiny red pimples and enlarged red blood vessels on the face, unknown cause
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Nevus
| *Moles*
Small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin
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Rhinophyma
| *Bulbous Nose*
Occurs in older men, characterized by hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose
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Scleroderma
Autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing skin to become hard and swollen
| **Scler/o** means hard, **derma** means skin
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Urticaria
| *Hives*
Itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
| **Urtic** means rash, **aria** means connected with
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Xeroderma
| *Xerosis*
Excessively dry skin
| **Xer/o** means dry, **derma** means skin
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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Mild viral infection common in children under 5 years of age
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Molluscum Contagiosum
| (moh-**LUS**-kum kon-**tay**-gee-**OH**-sum)
Viral infection that causes small, raised lesions, called *mollusca*
120
Cellulitis
Acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks
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Furuncles
| *Bolis*
Large, tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
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Carbuncle
Cluster of connected furuncles
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Gangrene
Death of tissue, most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
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Impetigo
Highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children
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Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)
Rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, *flesh-eating bacteria*, can live on skin but not inside body
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Pyoderma
Any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection
| **Py/o** means pus, -**derma** means skin
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Mycosis
Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
| **Myc** means fungus, -**osis** means abnormal condition
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Tinea
| *Ringworm*
Fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
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Tinea Capitis
Found on the scalps of childern
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Tinea Corporis
Fungal infection of the skin on the body
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Tinea Cruris
Jock Itch
132
Tinea Pedis
Athlete's Foot
133
Tinea Versicolor
Fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin
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Pediculosis
Infestation with lice
| **Pedicul** means lice, -**osis** means abnormal condition
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Scabies
Skin infection caused by an infestsation of itch mites
136
Callus
Thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
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Cicatrix
Normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
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Granulation Tissue
Tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound, eventually forms a scar
139
Keloid
Abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
| **Kel** means growth, **oid** means resembling
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Keratosis
Any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
| **Kerat** means hard, -**osis** means abnormal condition
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Lipoma
Benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
| **Lip** means fatty, -**oma** means tumor
142
Dysplastic Nevi
Atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
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Papilloma
Benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body such as in the bladder
| **Papill** means resembling, -**oma** means tumor
144
Polyp
Describes a mushroom like growth from the surface of the mucous membrane, such as a polyp in the nose
145
Skin Tags
| *Achrocordon*
Small, flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks
146
Skin Cancer
Malignat growth on the skin which can have many causes
147
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
| *Solar Keratosis*
Precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun damaged skin
148
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
149
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Orginates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium
150
Malignant Melanoma
| *Melanoma*
Skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes, Most serious
| **Melan** means black, -**oma** means tumor
151
Biopsy
The removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis
| **Bi** means pertaining to life, -**opsy** means view of
152
Incisional Biopsy
A **piece**, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed
153
Excisonal Biopsy
The **entire** tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed
154
Needle Biopsy
A hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination
155
Exfoliative Cytology
Technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
156
Dermatoplasty
Skin grafts, replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body
| **Dermat/o** means skin, -**plasty** means surgical repair
157
Cauterization
Destruction of tissue by burning
158
Chemabrasion
| *Chemical Peel*
Use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses
159
Cyrosurgery
Destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors through the cold
160
Curettage
Removal of material from the surface by scraping
161
Debridement
Removal of dirt, foriegn objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
162
Irrigation and Debridement
Pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris
163
Dermabrasion
Form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper, removes acne and chickenpox scars
164
Electrodesiccation
Surgical technique performed in conjunction with curettage in which layers of tissue are destryoed using an electric sparkand then scraped away
165
Mohs Surgery
Technique to treat various types of skin cancer, layers are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time
166
Phototherapy
Use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema
167
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
*Blue Light Therapy*, technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin
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