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Med Terms > Chapter 5 Primary Words > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Primary Words Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Cardi/o means heart, vascul means blood vessels

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2
Q

Heart

A

Hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, very effective blood pump

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3
Q

Pericardium

Pericardial Sac

A

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Peri means surrounding, cardi means heart

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4
Q

Epicardium

A

External layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

Epi means upon, cardi means heart

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers, specialized muscle tissue capable of constant contraction and relaxation

Myo means muscle, cardi means heart

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6
Q

Endocardium

A

Consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart, comes into contact with pumping blood

Endo means within, cardi means heart

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7
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

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8
Q

Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart, divided by the interatrial septum, recieving chambers

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9
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers of the heart, divided by the interventricular septum

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10
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Tri means three

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11
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary means pertaining to the lungs

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12
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Located between the left atrium and left ventricle

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13
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Aort means aorta, ic means pertaining to

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14
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

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15
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle into the lungs

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16
Q

Pulomonary Veins

A

Carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

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17
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

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18
Q

Heartbeat

A

Ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body

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19
Q

Conduction System

A

Electrical impulses are controlled by the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of his

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20
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

A

Located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, establishes basic rhythm and rate of heartbeat

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21
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

A

The impulses from the SA Node travel to the AV node, transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His

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22
Q

Bundle of His

A

Group of fibers located within the interventricular septum, carry an electrical impulse to secure the sequence of the heart contractions

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23
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles, relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles

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24
Q

P Wave

A

Due to the stimulation/ contraction of the atria

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25
Q

QRS Complex

A

Shows the stimulation/contraction of the ventricles

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26
Q

T Wave

A

Recovery/relaxation of the ventricles

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27
Q

Arteries

A

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all reigons of the body

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28
Q

Aorta

A

Largest blood vessel in the body

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29
Q

Carotid Arteries

A

Major arteries that carry blood upward toward the head

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30
Q

Arterioles

A

Smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

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31
Q

Capillaries

A

The only one epithelial cell in thickness, slow the flow of blood

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32
Q

Veins

A

Form a low-pressure collecting systen to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

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33
Q

Venules

A

Smallest veins that join to form the larger veins

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34
Q

Venae Cavae

A

Two largest veins in the body, return blood to the heart

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35
Q

Pulse

A

Rythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

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36
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries

37
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Occurs when the ventricles contract, highest pressure against the walls of an artery

Systole means contraction of the heart

38
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

Diastole means relaxation of the heart

39
Q

Plasma

A

Straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

39
Q

Serum

A

Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

40
Q

Fibrinogen/Prothrombin

A

The clotting proteins found in the plasma

41
Q

Erythrocytes

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

A

Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow, primary roll is to transport oxygen to the tissues

Erythr/o means red, -cytes means cells

42
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

Hem/o means blood, globin means protein

43
Q

Leukocytes

White Blood Cells (WBC)

A

Blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foriegn substances

Leuk/o means white, -cytes means cells

44
Q

Neutrophils

A

Formed in red bone marrow, most common type of WBC

45
Q

Basophils

A

Formed in red bone marrow, least common type of WBC, resposible for causing the symptoms of allergies

46
Q

Eosinophils

A

Formed in the red bone marrow, migrate to tissues throughout the body, destroy parasitic organisms

47
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, identify foreign substances and germs

48
Q

Monocytes

A

Formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, provide immunological defenses against infectious organisms

49
Q

Thrombocytes

Platelets

A

Smallest formed elements of the blood, important role in the clotting of blood

Thromb/o means clot, cytes means cells

50
Q

Blood Types

A

Classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens

51
Q

Rh Factor

A

Defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells

52
Q

Blood Gases

A

Gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood, magor blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

53
Q

Cardiologist

A

Physician who specialized in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disroders of the heart

54
Q

Hematologist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood forming tissue

Hemat means blood, ologist means specialist

55
Q

Vascular Surgeon

A

Physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of the blood vessels

56
Q

Telemetry Nurse

A

Specializes in the use of technology within a hospital unit to track vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rythms

57
Q

Congenital Heart Defects

A

Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

58
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

59
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

Ather/o means plaque, sclerosis means abnormal hardening

60
Q

Ischemia

A

Condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body

61
Q

Angina

Angina Pectoris

A

Condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

62
Q

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack

A

The occlusion of one or more cornonary arteries caused by plaque buildup

Occlusion means total blockage

Infarction means insuffiency of blood

63
Q

Heart Failure

A

Often after the heart has been weakened or damaged by other health issues

64
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Causes fluid to backup which results in edema (swelling), can cause accumulation of fluid in the lungs

65
Q

Left-sided Heart Failure

A

Systolic or diastolic failure depending on which action of the heart has been affected

66
Q

Right-sided Heart Failure

A

Often the result of left sided heart failure, causes fluid buildup

67
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the heart that is frequently associated with heart failure

Cardi/o means heart, megaly means abnormal enlargement

68
Q

Carditis

A

Inflammation of the heart

Card means heart, itis means inflammation

68
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Endo means within, card means heart, itis means inflammation

68
Q

Infective Endocarditis

Bacterial Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

68
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium, causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

Peri means surrounding, card means heart, itis inflammation

69
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium that develops as a rarely seen complication of a viral infection

My/o means muscle, card means heart, itis means inflammation

69
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

My/o means muscle, pathy means disease

69
Q

Heart Murmur

A

Abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring blood vesselss

69
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

A

Abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

70
Q

Valvular Stenosis

A

Condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

71
Q

Heart Valve Disease

A

Degenerative disorder that prevents heart valves from opening and closing properly, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness

72
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Buildup of calcium and fat deposits in the aortic valve, causes narrowing that prevents the valve from opening fully

73
Q

Mitral Valve Regurgitation

A

Occurs when the mitral valve does not close tightly, thus allowing blood to leak back through the opening

73
Q

Arrythmia

A

Loss of the normal ryhtm of the heartbeat

74
Q

Asystole

Flatline

A

Complete lack of electrical activity in the heart

A means without, systole means contraction

75
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrythmia that prevents it from pumoing blood effectively

76
Q

Heart Block

A

Congenital or accquired arrythmia caused by the electrical signal moving through the heart being partially ir completely blocked from reaching the ventricles

77
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow resting heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute

Brady means slow, card means heart

78
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid resting heart rate, greater than 100bpm

Tachy means rapid, card means heart

79
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular

80
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

Very rapid heartbeat

Med Terms (26 decks)

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