Chapter 11 Primary Terms Flashcards
Adnexa of the eyes
Structures outside the eyeball, includes: orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjuctiva, and lacrimal apparatus
Adnexa
Accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ
Orbit
Bony, cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves
Upper and lower eyelids, Eyebrows, and Eyelashes
Protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and other injuries
Binocular Vision
Occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible
Bin means two, ocul means eye
Cilia
Small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes
Canthus
Angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet
Canth means corner of the eye
Tarsus
The framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape
Conjuctiva
Transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface
Lacrimal Apparatus
Consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears
Lacrimal Glands
Secrete lacrimal fluid (tears), located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye
Lacrimal Fluid
Tears
Maintain moistureon the anteriror surface of the eyeball
Lacrimal Canal
Consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye, collects tears and empties them into the lacrimal sacs
Lacrimal Sac
Enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct
Lacrimal Duct
Passageway that drains excess tears into the nose
Optic
Pertaining to the eye or sight
Opt means eye, -ic means pertaining to
Ocular
Pertaining to the eye
Extraocular
Outside the eyeball
Extra means outside, ocul means eye, -ar means pertaining to
Intraocular
Within the eyeball
intra means within, ocul means eye, -ar means pertaining to
Sclera
White of the Eye
Maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue
Choroid
Opaque, middle layer of the eyeball that contains blood vessels and provides the blood supply to the entire eye
Retina
Sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye, recieves nerve impules and transmits them to the brain
Intraocular Pressure
Measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye, pressure is regulated by the rate at which aqueous humor enters and leaves the eye
Posterior Segment
Lined with the retina and filled with vitreous humor
Rods and Cones
Recieve images that have passed through the lens of the eye, rods are black and white, cones are colored
Macula
Clearly defined ligh sensitive area in the center of the retina that is reponsible for sharp central vision
Fovea Centralis
Pit in the middles of the macula
Optic Disk
Blind Spot
Small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic region
Optic Nerve
Transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain
Cilliary Body
Located within the choroid, is a thick set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjusts the thickness of the lends to refine the focus
Uvea
Pigmented layer of the eye, rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris
Cornea
Transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil
Pupil
Black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye
Accomodation
Process where the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances
Lens
Clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina, located behind the iris and pupil
Convergance
Simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other
Emmetropia
Normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
Emmetr means in proper measure, opia means vision condition
Refraction
Ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina
Visual Acuity
Ability to distinguish object details and shapes at a distance
Opthalmologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treatinf the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes
Opthalm means eye, ologist means specialist
Optometrist
Holds a doctor of optpmetry degree and provides primart eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions and measuring the accuracy of the vision
Optician
Health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction
Ptosis
Dropping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to muscle weakness or sagging
Chalazion
Nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by an obstruction of the sebaceous gland
Hordeolum
Stye
Pus-filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland
Blepharitis
Swelling of the eyelid
Blephar means eyelid, itis means inflammation
Ectropion
Eversion of the edge of an eyelid
Ec means out, trop means turn, -ion means condition
Entropion
Inversion of the edge of an eyelid
En means in, trop means turn, ion means condition
Periorbital Edema
Swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes
peri means surrounding, orbit means eyeball
Conjuctivitis
Pink Eye
Inflammation of the conjuctiva that is usually caused by a viral infection, allergy, or irritants
Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually caused by blockage of the lacrimal sac
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Bleeding between the conjuctiva and the sclera
