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Med Terms > Chapter 3 Primary Words > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Primary Words Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification

A

Membranes and cartilage turn into bone, forms bones, 3 months old

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2
Q

Periosteum

(pher-ee-OSS-tee-um)

A

Tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

Peri means surrounding, -oste means bone

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3
Q

Compact Bone

Cortical Bone

A

Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective layer of bones

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4
Q

Spongy Bone

Cancellous Bone

A

Porous, lighter and weaker than compact bone

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5
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone

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6
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

End means within, oste means bone, -um is a noun ending

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7
Q

Hematopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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8
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Hematopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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9
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Fat storage area

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber

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11
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Covers the surface of bones where they come together, to form joints

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12
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints like the knee

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

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14
Q

Epiphyses

(ep-PIF-ih-seez)

A

Wider ends of long bones like the femurs of the leg

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15
Q

Foramen

A

An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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16
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on the surface of the bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

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17
Q

Joints

Articulations

A

Place of union between two or more bones

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18
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds bones tightly together

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19
Q

Fontanelles

Soft spots

A

Normally present on skulls of newborns, felible, soft spots so they can be birthed

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20
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

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21
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

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22
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

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23
Q

Ball and socket Joints

A

Hips or shoulders, allow wide range of motion

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24
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Knees or elbows, allow movement in primarily one direction or plane

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25
Q

Synovial Capsule

A

Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

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26
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

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27
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as lubricant to make smooth movements

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28
Q

Ligament

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or joining bone to cartilage

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29
Q

Bursa

A

Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

Shoulder, elbow, knee

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30
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

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31
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction

Appendicular means refering to appendage

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32
Q

Skull

A

Consists of 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 boness in the middle ear

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33
Q

Cranium

A

Portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

Crani means skull, um is a noun ending

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34
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead, hoses the frontal sinuses and roof of the ethmoid sinuses, nose, and eye sockets

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35
Q

Parietal Bones

A

Two of the largest bones of the skull

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36
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Forms the back art of the skull and base of the cranium

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37
Q

Temporal Bones

A

Form the sides and base of the cranium

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38
Q

External Auditory Meatus

A

Opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

Meatus is the external opening of a canal

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39
Q

Sphenoid

A

Irregular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

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40
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose

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41
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

Three tiny bones located in each middle ear

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42
Q

Nasal Bones

A

Form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

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43
Q

Zygomatic Bones

A

Cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead

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44
Q

Maxillary Bones

A

Form most of the upper jaw

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45
Q

Palatine Bones

A

Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

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46
Q
A
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47
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

Make up part of the orbit (eye socket) at the inner angle

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48
Q

Inferior Conchae

A

Thin, scroll like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

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49
Q

Vomer Bone

A

Forms the base for the nasal spetum

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50
Q

Mandible

A

Jawbone, only movable bone of the skull

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51
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

TMJ

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52
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Rib cage, bony structure that protects the heart and lungs

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53
Q

Ribs

Costals

A

First seven are true ribs, Next 3 are* false ribs*, Last two are floating ribs

Cost means rib, -al means pertaining to

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54
Q

Sternum

Breast Bone

A

Flat, dagger shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

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55
Q

Manubrium

A

Bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

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56
Q

Gladiolus

Body of the sternum

A

Bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

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57
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

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58
Q

Pectoral Girdle

Shoulder Girdle

A

Supports the arms and hands

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59
Q

Clavicle

Collarbone

A

Slender bone that conects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

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60
Q

Scapula

A

Known as the shoulder blade

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61
Q

Acromion

A

Extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

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62
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm

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63
Q

Radius

A

Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm

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64
Q

Ulna

A

Larger and longer bone of the forearm

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65
Q

Olecranon

Funny Bone

A

Large, proximal tip of the ulna, forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve

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66
Q

Carpals

A

Bones that form the wrists

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67
Q

Metacarpals

A

Five bones that form the palms of the hand

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68
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones of the fingers

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69
Q

Spinal Column

Vertebral Column

A

Protects the spinal cord and suports the head and body

70
Q

Lamina

A

Posterior portion of the vertebra

71
Q

Intervertebral Disks

A

Made of cartilage and pads of tissue, separate and cushion the vertebra from each other

72
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

First set of seven vertebrae, from the neck

C1 through C7

73
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

Second set of 12 vertebrae, has a pair of ribs attached to it

T1 through T12

74
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Third set of 5 vertebrae and together form the inward curve of the lower spine

L1 through L5

75
Q

Sacrum

A

Slightly curved, triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the base of the spine

76
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone, forms the end of the spine

77
Q

Pelvis

A

Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities

78
Q

Ilium

A

Broad, blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

79
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

Sacr/o means sacrum, ili means ilium, ac means pertaining to

80
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears body weight while sitting

81
Q

Pubis

A

Forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone

82
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bone

83
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to hip joint

84
Q

Femur

A

Largest bones in body, thigh bones

85
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap, bony anterior part of the knee

86
Q

Popliteal

A

Describes the posterior space behind the knee

87
Q

Cruciate Ligaments

A

Make possible the movements of the knee, tear is called ACL injury

88
Q

Tibia

A

Shinbone, larger anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg

89
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of two bones in the lower leg

90
Q

Ankles

A

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot

91
Q

Tarsal

A

7 short bones in the ankle

92
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of the ankle joint

93
Q

Talus

A

Ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

94
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel Bone, largest of the tarsal bones

95
Q

Metatarsals

A

Form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

96
Q

Chiropractor

A

Specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders and orginating from misalignment of the spine

97
Q

Orthopedic Surgeon

A

Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

98
Q

Osteopath

A

Treating health problems by spinal manipulation

Oste/o means bone, -path means disease

99
Q

Podiatrist

A

Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Pod means foot, -iatrist means specialist

100
Q

Rheumatologist

A

Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other disorders

101
Q

Ankylosis

A

Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

Ankyl means crooked, bent, or stiff, osis means abnormal disease

102
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Frozen Shoulder, painful anklyosis of the shoulder

Capsul means little box, itis means inflammation

103
Q

Arthrosclerosis

A

Stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly

104
Q

Baker’s Cyst

A

Popliteal Cyst, fluid filled sac behind the knee

105
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

Burs means bursa, -itis means inflammation

106
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Abnormal softening of cartilage

107
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

108
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion, abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of big toe

109
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint

Hem means blood, arthr means joint, osis means abnormal

110
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

A

Inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and upper arms

111
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane

Synov means synovial membrane, itis means inflammation

112
Q

Dislocation

A

Luxation, total displacement of a bone from its joint

113
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint

114
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammatory condition of one or more joints

Arthr means joint, -itis means inflammation

115
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Most commonly associated with aging

Oste/o means bone, arthr means joint,itis means inflammation

116
Q

Osteophytes

A

Bone spurs, cause pain or restrict movement in a joint

117
Q

Spondylosis

Spinal Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

Spondyl means vertebrae, -osis means abnormal condition

118
Q

Gout

A

Inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

119
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

120
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

A

Type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Spondyl means vertebrae, itis means inflammation

121
Q

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
(JIA)

A

Autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 or younger

122
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis

A

Inflammatory form of arthritis developed by about 20% of people with psoriasis

123
Q

Herniated Disk

A

Breaking apart of an intervertebral disk resulting in a bulge that can put pressure on spinal nerve roots

124
Q

Lumbago

A

General term for pain in the lumbar reigon of the spine

Lumb means lumbar, ago means diseased condition

125
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

Spondyl means vertebrae, listhesis means slipping

126
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord in order to protect it

127
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Kyph means hump, osis means abnormal condition

128
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Lord means bent backward, -osis means abnormal condition

129
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Scoli means curved, osis means abnormal condition

130
Q

Avascular Necrosis

Osteonecrosis

A

Area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

131
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of a bone

Oste means bone, itis means inflammation

132
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of bones in adults

Oste/o means bones, malacia means abnormal softening

133
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Oste/o means bone, myel means bone marrow,

itis means inflammation

134
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget, abnormal breakdown of bones

135
Q

Periositis

A

Inflammation of the periosteum

Peri means surrounding, ost means bone,

itis means inflammation

136
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine

137
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency disease occuring in children

138
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the spaces within the spine

139
Q

Short Sature

A

Condition resulting from the failure of the bones to the limbs to grow an apporpriate length

140
Q

Clubfoot

A

Describes any congenital defromity of the foot involving the talus

141
Q

Primary Bone Cancer

A

Rare malignant that orginates in a bone

142
Q

Secondary Bone Cancer

A

Occur when cancer cells metastasize (Spread) to the bones from other areas

143
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Type of cancer that occurs in blood making pasma cells found in the red bone marrow

144
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign bony projection covered with cartilage

145
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, associated with aging

146
Q

Osteopenia

A

Thinner than average bone density

Oste/o means bone, penia means defeciency

147
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

148
Q

Colles Fracture

A

Broken wrist occurs at lower end of the radius, typically from a fall

149
Q

Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Stem cell transplant used to treat certain cancers, destroy both the patients and donors cells then healthy ones are infused

150
Q

Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Uses healthy bone marrow cells from a donor such as a sibling

Allogenic means originating within another

151
Q

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Patient recives his or her own bone marrow cells that have been cleaned and treated

Autologous means originating within an individual

152
Q

Orthotic

A

Mechanical appliance, such as shoe insert, or splint

153
Q

Prosthesis

A

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part

154
Q

Arthrodesis

Surgical Anklyosis

A

Surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, treats severe arthritis

Arthr/o means joint, -desis means bind together

155
Q

Arthroscopic Surgery

A

Minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

156
Q

Bone Grafting

A

Surgical procedure using tansplanted bone often from a hip, leg, or rib, to repair and rebuild bones damaged by injury or disease

157
Q

Synovectomy

A

Removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, repairs joint damage

Synov means synovial membrane, ectomy meand surgical removal

158
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a damaged joint

Arthr/o means joint, plasty means surgical repair

159
Q

Revision Surgery

A

Replacement of a worn or failled implant

160
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or accidental removal of a limb

161
Q

Percutaneous Diskectomy

A

Performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk that doesnt respond to other solutions

162
Q

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

A

Performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures

Vertebr/o means vertebra, plasty means surgical repair

163
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion, of a vertebra

164
Q

Spinal Fusion

A

Technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining toether two or more vertebrae

165
Q

Decompressive Craniectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull

Crani means skull, ectomy means surgical removal

166
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical incision or opening into the skull

Crani means skull, otomy means surgical incision

167
Q

Osteotomy

A

Surgical cutting and reshaping of a bone

Oste means bone, otomy means surgical incision

168
Q

Closed Reduction

Manipulation

A

Attempted non surgical realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation, using manually applied force

169
Q

Immobilization

Stabilization

A

Act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

170
Q

Traction

A

A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

171
Q

External Fixation

A

A fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so external appliance can be used to hold pieces of bone

172
Q

Internal Fixation

A

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Med Terms (26 decks)

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