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Med Terms > Chapter 4 Primary Words > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Primary Words Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation

A

Simulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motot nerve

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2
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Neur/o means nerve, muscul means muscle, ar means pertaining

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3
Q

Contraction

A

Tightening of a muscle, muscle contracts it becomes shorter and thicker

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4
Q

Relaxation

A

Occurs when a muscle returns to its orginal form, muscle relaxes it becomes longer and skinnier

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5
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Ab means away from, duct means to lead, -ion means action

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6
Q

Adduction

A

The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Ad means toward, duct means to lead, -ion means action

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7
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Attached to the bones of skeleton and makes body motions possible

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8
Q

Smooth Muscles

A

Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading ffrom glands

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9
Q

Myocardial Muscles

A

Form the muscular walls of the heart

My/o means muscle, cardi means heart, al means pertaining to

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10
Q

Muscle Fibers

A

Long, slender cells that make uo muscles, each muscle consists of a group of fibers that are bound together by connective tissue

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11
Q

Fascia

A

Band of connective tissue that envelops, seperares, or binds together muscle or groups of muscles

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12
Q

Myofascial

A

Pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

My/o means muscle, fasci means fascia,al means pertaining to

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13
Q

Tendon

A

Narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

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14
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

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15
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the andle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

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16
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

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17
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

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18
Q

Elevation

A

Act of raising or lifting a body part

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19
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

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20
Q

Depression

A

Act of lowering a body part

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21
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement at the far end of a limb

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22
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm, rotates with shoulder joint

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23
Q

Supination

A

Act of rotating the arm or leg so the palm is facing upward

Bowl of soup

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24
Q

Pronation

A

Act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole of the foot is facing downward

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25
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

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26
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

Plantar means pertaining to the sole of the foot

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27
Q

Origin

A

Where the muscle begins and it is located bearest the midline of the body

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28
Q

Insertion

A

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon , more movable than the origin

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29
Q

Pectoralis Major

Named for location and Muscles of the trunk

A

Thick, fan shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

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30
Q

Lateralis

Named for location

A

Toward the side

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31
Q

Medialis

Named for location

A

Toward the midline

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32
Q

Oblique

Named for fiber direction

A

Slanted or at an angle

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33
Q

Rectus

Named for fiber direction

A

In straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

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34
Q

Sphincter

Named for fiber direction

A

Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

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35
Q

Transverse

Named for fiber direction

A

In a crosswire direction

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36
Q

Biceps Brachii

Named for number of divisions and Muscles of the shoulders and arms

A

Formed from two divisions, flexes the elbow

Bi means two, -ceps means head

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37
Q

Triceps Brachii

Named for number of divisions and Muscles of the shoulders and arms

A

Is formed from three divisions, extends the elbow

Tri means three, -ceps means head

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38
Q

Gluteus Maximus

Named for size or shape

A

Largest muscle of the buttock

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39
Q

Deltoid Muscle

Named for size or shape

A

Located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted riangle like the greek letter delta

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40
Q

Hamstring Group

Named for strange reasons and Muscles of the legs

A

Located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three seperate muscles primary functions are knee flexion and hip extension

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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41
Q

Frontalis

Muscles of the head

A

In the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

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42
Q

Temporalis

Muscles of the head

A

Musle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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43
Q

Masseter

Muscles of the head

A

One of the strongest muscles, moves the lower jaw up to close when chewing

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44
Q

External Oblique Muscles

Muscles of the trunk

A

Flex and rotate the vertebral column, and flex the torso and compress the abdomen

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45
Q

Internal Oblique Muscles

Muscles of the trunk

A

Flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help us breathe, and rotate the spine

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46
Q

Rectus Abdominis

Muscles of the trunk

A

Flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

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47
Q

Transverse Abdominis

Muscles of the trunk

A

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

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48
Q

Deltoid

Muscles of the shoulders and arms

A

Forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

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49
Q

Trapezius

Muscles of the shoulders and arms

A

Muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

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50
Q

Rectus Femoris

Muscles of the legs

A

Extends the leg at the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip joint

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51
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

Muscles of the legs

A

made of 4 muscles, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis flew and extend the knee

52
Q

Gastrocnemius

Muscles of the legs

A

Is the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

53
Q

Exercise Physiologist

A

Specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs

54
Q

Neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders where there is a loss of function

55
Q

Physiatrist

A

Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

56
Q

PT

A

Provides treatment to prevent disabilit or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or others

57
Q

Sports Medicine Physician

A

Specializes in the prevention and treatment of injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles for athletes

58
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia

Fasci means fascia, itis means inflammation

59
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffues or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

Fibr/o means fibrous, my means muscle, algia means pain

60
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Ten/o means tendon, synov synovial fluid

itis means inflammation

61
Q

Tendinitis

A

Acute unflammation or irratation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Tendin means tendon, itis means inflammation

62
Q

Tendinosis

A

Chronic condition characterized by pain due to repititive overuse or an injury that has not healed

Tendin means tendon, osis means abnormal condition

63
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

Complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest

64
Q

Adhesion

A

Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

65
Q

Atrophy

A

Means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

66
Q

Cachexia

(kah-KEKS-ee-ah)

A

Condition of physically wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass, occurs in patients with diseases such as cancer

67
Q

Hernia

A

Occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it

68
Q

Myalgia

A

Tenderness or pain in the muscles

My means muscle, algia means pain

69
Q

Polymyosiitis

PM

A

Muscle disease chracterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles

Poly means many, myos means muscle, itis means inflammation

70
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury

Rhabdomy/o means striated muscle, lysis means breakdown

71
Q

Sacropenia

A

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comw with aging

Sacr/o means flesh, -penia

72
Q

Muscle Tone

A

State of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

73
Q

Atonic

A

Means lacking normal muscle tone or strength

A means without, ton means tone,

ic means pertaining to

74
Q

Dystonia

A

Movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

Dys means bad, ton means tone, ia means condition

75
Q

Hypotonia

A

Condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Hypo meand deficient, ton means tone, ia means condition

76
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

A means without, tax means coordination, ia means condition

77
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

78
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

79
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

80
Q

Myoclonus

A

Quick involuntary jerking of a muscle of group of muscles

My/o means muscle, clon means violent action

81
Q

Singultus

Hiccups

A

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

82
Q

Cramp

A

Painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause

83
Q

Torticollis

A

Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

84
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

Brady means slow, kines means movement, -ia means condition

85
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

Dys means bad, kines means movement, ia means condition

86
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity

hyper means excessive, kines means movement,

ia means condition

87
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction

My means muscle, asthenia means weakness or lack of strength

88
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Genetic diseases are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

89
Q

Repetitive Stress Disorders

Repetitive Motion disorders

A

Variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities, or sports

90
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running

91
Q

Overuse Injuries

A

Minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal

92
Q

Overuse Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

93
Q

Stress Fractures

A

Overuse injuries

94
Q

Trigger Finger

A

Painful and progressive restriction of movement caused by an inflammation of a tendon’s synovial sheath

95
Q

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

96
Q

Tendinopathy

A

General term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint

97
Q

Impingement Syndrome

Rotator Cuff Injury, also known as rotator cuff tendinitis

A

Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

98
Q

Rotator Cuff Tear

A

Occurs as the irritated tendon weakens or as the result of a fall or injury

100
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused

101
Q

Carpal Tunnel Release

A

Surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to reduce pressure on the median nerve

Carpal means pertaining to the wrist

102
Q

Ganglion Cyst

A

Benign fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of past injury

103
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Epi means on, condyl means condyle, itis means inflammation

104
Q

Heel Spur

A

Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone

105
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

Planter Fasciopathy

A

Inflammation of the planter fascia on the sole of the foot

106
Q

Morton’s Neuroma

A

Condition in which pain on the ball of the foot is by a swollen, inflammed nerve

107
Q

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)

Fallen Arches

A

Occurs when the tendon supporting the foot’s arch weakens

108
Q

Soft Tissue Injury

A

Damage to the skin, ligaments, tendons, and muscles

109
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joint

110
Q

Strain

A

Injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon

111
Q

Shin Splint

A

Painful condition caused by tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

112
Q

Hamstring Injury

A

Strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and knee

113
Q

Achilles Tendinitis

A

Painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

114
Q

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

A

Overuse injury causing pain, usually just above the knee joint

115
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

116
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

117
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body

118
Q

Hemipelgia

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

119
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

120
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

121
Q

Deep Tendon Reflexes

A

Tested with a reflex hammer

122
Q

Electromyography

A

Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

123
Q

Muscle Biopsy

A

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination

124
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

125
Q

Cortisone

A

Injected to relieve pain and inflammation in a specific joint

Med Terms (26 decks)

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