Chapter 7: Parts of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Plasmid
a small, usually circular, supercoiled DNA molecule that exists independently of the cells main chromosome(s) in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes
Ribosomes
a large macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins by using the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA; consists of 2 subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins
Cytoplasm
everything present within the cell
Cell Wall
A fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archea, and many eukaryotes (plants only). This structure protects the organisms and gives them shape and rigidity. The cell wall also helps to resist osmotic pressure as water enters the cell.
Plasma Membrane
a lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm; it physically separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment
Chromosome
Most bacterial and archaea species have a single, circular chromosome that consists of a large DNA molecule associated with proteins. The DNA molecule contains information, and the proteins give the DNA structural support.
Flagellum
a long cellular projection that helps to move the cell
Fimbriae
a needlelike projection that extends from the plasma membrane of some bacteria and promotes attachment to other cells or surfaces
Nucleoid
the region of a prokaryotic cell where the circular chromosome is located
Cytoskeleton
In prokaryotic cells, the cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that help with cell shape, support, locomotion, and transfer of materials within the cell
Photosynthetic Membranes
In bacteria that perform photosynthesis, it is common to observe multiple membranes passing through the internal region of the cells. The photosynthetic membranes observed in bacteria develop as infoldings of the plasma membrane and contain the enzymes and pigment molecules required for these reactions to occur.
Cytosol
the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
