Chapter 1: The Scientific Method and Study of Life

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

Evidence-based, hypothesis driven way of understanding.

Question 2

What is the scientific method?

Answer 2

A process of finding evidence that supports/conflicts with hypothesis.

Question 3

Steps of the Scientific Method

Answer 3

Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment/New Observation, Theory

Question 4

What must a hypothesis have?

Answer 4

It has to have the ability to be tested

Question 5

What is a prediction?

Answer 5

a measurable/observable result that must be correct if the hypothesis is valid

Question 6

Scientific Theory

Answer 6

broad in scope and represents a large body of evidence

Question 7

How does a hypothesis become a theory?

Answer 7

if results are consistent over multiple experiments; if not, hypothesis is rejected/revised

Question 8

Cell Theory

Answer 8

all organisms are made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 9

Brood Parasitism

Answer 9

when mothers lay eggs in other mothers nests

Question 10

What are controlled experiments?

Answer 10

An experiment in which ONE component in a system is manipulated and you observe the effects of this change; compares an experimental group with a control group

Question 11

Independent Variable

Answer 11

factor that is manipulated

Question 12

Dependent Variable

Answer 12

measure that judges the outcome, depends on the independent variable

Question 13

What are some other types of controls?

Answer 13

Experimental conditions, repeating test, using large sample size

Question 14

What are the 5 defining characteristics of life?

Answer 14

Cells, Replication, Information, Energy, Evolve

Question 15

1. Cells

Answer 15

All organisms are made of membrane-bound cells

Question 16

2. Replication

Answer 16

All living things are able to reproduce

Question 17

3. Information

Answer 17

All living things can process information encoded in genes and from the environment
Ex: light, temp, other stimuli

Question 18

4. Energy

Answer 18

All living things acquire and use energy

Question 19

5. Evolve

Answer 19

All living things have the capacity to evolve, adapt, and change

Question 20

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance:

Answer 20

genes are located on chromosomes and patterns of inheritance are determined by the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 21

Central Dogma

Answer 21

the scheme for information flow in the cell: DNA –> RNA –> protein

Question 22

Evolution

Answer 22

a change in the characteristics of a population over time

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 24

What are the two conditions of natural selection?

Answer 24

1. Individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are heritable—meaning, traits that can be passed on to offspring.
2. In a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals survive better and reproduce more than do other versions.