Chapter 7: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
testis
primary male sex organ, enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. the testis/testes/testicles make spermatozoa and testosterone
seminiferous tubules
approx. 900 coiled tubes w/in the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
sperm
male germ cell, which unite with an egg to make a zygote
testosterone
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male repro. organs and secondary sex characteristics like facial hair
epididymis
coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens
vas deferens
duct carrying sperm from epididymis to the urethra. the spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins.
seminal vesicles
2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. the glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen
prostate gland
walnut shaped gland that encircles that proximal section of the urethra. the prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
semen
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
scrotum
sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. the scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
penis
male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)
glans penis
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
prepuce
fold of skin covering the glans of the penis in uncircumcised males
genitalia
reproductive organs; includes internal and external organs
gonads
primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o
testis, testicle
orchi/o
testis, testicle
orchid/o
testis, testicle
prostat/o
prostate gland
sperm/o
sperm, spermatozoon
spermat/o
sperm, spermatozoon
vas/o
vessel, duct (vas deferens)
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
cyst/o
bladder, sac
crypt/o
hidden
lith/o
stones, calculus
olig/o
scanty, few
a-
absence of, without
an-
absence of, without
hyper-
above, excessive
-algia
pain
-tomy
cut into, incision
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
-pexy
surgical fixation
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
-pathy
disease
-ic
pertaining to
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
-ism
state of
-itis
inflammation
-plasty
surgical repair
-lith
stones, calculus
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
andropathy
disease of the male (specific to the male)
anorchism
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
balanorrhea
discharge from the glans penis
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non malignant enlargement causing narrowing of the urethra)
cryptorchidism
state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move into the scrotal sac. failure for 1 or both to descend= cryptorchidism)
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchitis
inflammation of the testis
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
prostatolith
stones in the prostate gland
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formally called impotence)
hydrocele
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
infertility
reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy. generally defined after 1 year of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female
phimosis
tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its rettraction over the glans penis. it may be congenital or result of balanitis. circumcision is the usual tx plan.
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in med middle age and older
spermatocele
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 - 35yrs old
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and is assoc. with sudden testicular/ scrotal pain. Surgical emergency.
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
balanoplasty
surgical repair of the glans penis
epididymectomy
excision of the epididymis
orchiectomy
excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy = castration)
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
orchioplasty
surgical repair of the testis
orchiotomy
incision into the testis
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
vasectomy
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally= male sterilization)
vasovasostomy
creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
vesiculectomy
excision of the seminal vesicles
ablation
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing or eroding
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed
enucleation
excision of a whole organ or mass w/o cutting into it
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a fluid filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
laser surgery
use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and control bleeding. Uses a variety of non invasive, minimally invasive procedures.
two types of lasers to treat BPH:
- holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
- photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)
morcellation
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
robotic surgery
use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
sterilization
surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or the male to induce conception
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate gland tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when prostate gland is less enlarged
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated microwave
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
combination of magnetic resonance imaging w/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue form a prostate lesion. Software merges existing images to direct the needle biopsy into the area of the prostate that look suspicious on MRI
multiparametric MRI
MRI procedure providing info of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumours
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum
prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
blood test measures the level of prostate specific antigen in the blood.
semen analysis
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm. evaluates infertility and effectiveness of vasectomy
total testosterone
blood test to measure the level of the hormone responsible for male physical characteristics (testosterone); used to detect multiple conditions in men/women like infertility
digital rectal examination (DRE)
physical examination in which one finger is inserted into rectum to palpate prostate through rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer.
aspermia
condition of without sperm
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm
orchialgia
pain in the testis (also called testalgia)
chlamydia
STI, caused by bacterium C. trachomatis. Symptoms only occur when the disease is serious
genital herpes
STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2
