Chapter 7: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
testis
primary male sex organ, enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. the testis/testes/testicles make spermatozoa and testosterone
seminiferous tubules
approx. 900 coiled tubes w/in the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
sperm
male germ cell, which unite with an egg to make a zygote
testosterone
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male repro. organs and secondary sex characteristics like facial hair
epididymis
coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens
vas deferens
duct carrying sperm from epididymis to the urethra. the spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins.
seminal vesicles
2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. the glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen
prostate gland
walnut shaped gland that encircles that proximal section of the urethra. the prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
semen
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
scrotum
sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. the scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
penis
male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)
glans penis
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
prepuce
fold of skin covering the glans of the penis in uncircumcised males
genitalia
reproductive organs; includes internal and external organs
gonads
primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o
testis, testicle
orchi/o
testis, testicle
orchid/o
testis, testicle
prostat/o
prostate gland
sperm/o
sperm, spermatozoon
spermat/o
sperm, spermatozoon
vas/o
vessel, duct (vas deferens)
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
cyst/o
bladder, sac
crypt/o
hidden
lith/o
stones, calculus
olig/o
scanty, few
a-
absence of, without
an-
absence of, without
hyper-
above, excessive
-algia
pain
-tomy
cut into, incision
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
-pexy
surgical fixation
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
-pathy
disease
-ic
pertaining to
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
-ism
state of
-itis
inflammation
-plasty
surgical repair
-lith
stones, calculus
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
andropathy
disease of the male (specific to the male)
anorchism
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
balanorrhea
discharge from the glans penis
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non malignant enlargement causing narrowing of the urethra)
cryptorchidism
state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move into the scrotal sac. failure for 1 or both to descend= cryptorchidism)
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchitis
inflammation of the testis
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
prostatolith
stones in the prostate gland
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formally called impotence)
hydrocele
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
infertility
reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy. generally defined after 1 year of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female
phimosis
tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its rettraction over the glans penis. it may be congenital or result of balanitis. circumcision is the usual tx plan.
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in med middle age and older
spermatocele
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 - 35yrs old
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and is assoc. with sudden testicular/ scrotal pain. Surgical emergency.
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
balanoplasty
surgical repair of the glans penis
epididymectomy
excision of the epididymis
orchiectomy
excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy = castration)
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
orchioplasty
surgical repair of the testis
orchiotomy
incision into the testis
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
vasectomy
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally= male sterilization)
vasovasostomy
creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
vesiculectomy
excision of the seminal vesicles
ablation
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing or eroding
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed
enucleation
excision of a whole organ or mass w/o cutting into it
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a fluid filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
laser surgery
use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and control bleeding. Uses a variety of non invasive, minimally invasive procedures.
two types of lasers to treat BPH:
- holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
- photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)
morcellation
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
robotic surgery
use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
sterilization
surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or the male to induce conception
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate gland tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when prostate gland is less enlarged
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated microwave
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
combination of magnetic resonance imaging w/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue form a prostate lesion. Software merges existing images to direct the needle biopsy into the area of the prostate that look suspicious on MRI
multiparametric MRI
MRI procedure providing info of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumours
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum
prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
blood test measures the level of prostate specific antigen in the blood.
semen analysis
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm. evaluates infertility and effectiveness of vasectomy
total testosterone
blood test to measure the level of the hormone responsible for male physical characteristics (testosterone); used to detect multiple conditions in men/women like infertility
digital rectal examination (DRE)
physical examination in which one finger is inserted into rectum to palpate prostate through rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer.
aspermia
condition of without sperm
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm
orchialgia
pain in the testis (also called testalgia)
chlamydia
STI, caused by bacterium C. trachomatis. Symptoms only occur when the disease is serious
genital herpes
STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2
gonorrhea
STI caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
STI caused by a retrovirus that infects T- helper cells of the immune system. May be acquired in utero or through blood via needle sharing. advanced HIV = AIDS
human papillomavirus (HPV)
STI caused by viral infection. (also called genital warts)
STI
infection spread through sexual contact. (also called STD)
syphilis
infection caused by bacterium Treponema Pallidum. rapidly spreads throughout the body and can progress thru stages. usually sexually transmitted but can be acquired in utero and direct contact with infected skin
trichomoniasis
STI from a 1 cell organism trichomonas. infects the genitourinary tract. men can be asymptomatic or experience urethritis, enlarged prostate, epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, vaginal/ urethra discharge
artificial insemination
introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into female repro. system. used as an infertility tx option
condom
cover for the penis worn to prevent conception and spread of STIs
spermicide
an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception
azoospermia
lack of live sperm in semen.
ejaculation
ejection of semen from male urethra
orgasm
climax of sexual stimulation
puberty
stimulation of secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins.
BOO
bladder outlet obstruction
LUTS
lower urinary tract symptoms
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
ED
erectile dysfunction
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HPV
human papillomavirus
DRE
digital rectal examination
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
PSA
prostate- specific antigen
HoLEP
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland
PVP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland
RP
radical prostatectomy
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate gland
TUMT
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
primary male sex organ, enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. the testis/testes/testicles make spermatozoa and testosterone
testis
approx. 900 coiled tubes w/in the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
seminiferous tubules
male germ cell, which unite with an egg to make a zygote
sperm
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male repro. organs and secondary sex characteristics like facial hair
testosterone
coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens
epididymis
duct carrying sperm from epididymis to the urethra. the spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins.
vas deferens
2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. the glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen
seminal vesicles
walnut shaped gland that encircles that proximal section of the urethra. the prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
prostate gland
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
semen
sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. the scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
scrotum
male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)
penis
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
glans penis
fold of skin covering the glans of the penis in uncircumcised males
prepuce
reproductive organs; includes internal and external organs
genitalia
primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females
gonads
male
andr/o
glans penis
balan/o
epididymis
epididym/o
testis, testicle
orch/o
testis, testicle
orchi/o
testis, testicle
orchid/o
prostate gland
prostat/o
sperm, spermatozoon
sperm/o
sperm, spermatozoon
spermat/o
vessel, duct (vas deferens)
vas/o
seminal vesicle
vesicul/o
bladder, sac
cyst/o
hidden
crypt/o
stones, calculus
lith/o
scanty, few
olig/o
absence of, without
a-
absence of, without
an-
above, excessive
hyper-
pain
-algia
cut into, incision
-tomy
excision, surgical removal
-ectomy
surgical fixation
-pexy
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
-ia
disease
-pathy
pertaining to
-ic
condition of formation, development, growth
-plasia
state of
-ism
inflammation
-itis
surgical repair
-plasty
stones, calculus
-lith
flow, discharge
-rrhea
creation of an artificial opening
-stomy
disease of the male (specific to the male)
andropathy
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
anorchism
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
discharge from the glans penis
balanorrhea
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non malignant enlargement causing narrowing of the urethra)
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move into the scrotal sac. failure for 1 or both to descend= cryptorchidism)
cryptorchidism
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis
orchitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
prostatocystitis
stones in the prostate gland
prostatolith
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatorrhea
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
prostatovesiculitis
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formally called impotence)
erectile dysfunction (ED)
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
hydrocele
reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy. generally defined after 1 year of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female
infertility
tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its rettraction over the glans penis. it may be congenital or result of balanitis. circumcision is the usual tx plan.
phimosis
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
priapism
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in med middle age and older
prostate cancer
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
spermatocele
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 - 35yrs old
testicular cancer
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and is assoc. with sudden testicular/ scrotal pain. Surgical emergency.
testicular torsion
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
varicocele
surgical repair of the glans penis
balanoplasty
excision of the epididymis
epididymectomy
excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy = castration)
orchiectomy
surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
orchiopexy
surgical repair of the testis
orchioplasty
incision into the testis
orchiotomy
excision of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
prostatolithotomy
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally= male sterilization)
vasectomy
creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
vasovasostomy
excision of the seminal vesicles
vesiculectomy
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing or eroding
ablation
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed
circumcision
excision of a whole organ or mass w/o cutting into it
enucleation
surgical removal of a fluid filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
hydrocelectomy
use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and control bleeding. Uses a variety of non invasive, minimally invasive procedures.
laser surgery
- holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
- photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)
two types of lasers to treat BPH:
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
morcellation
use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
robotic surgery
surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or the male to induce conception
sterilization
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate gland tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when prostate gland is less enlarged
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated microwave
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
combination of magnetic resonance imaging w/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue form a prostate lesion. Software merges existing images to direct the needle biopsy into the area of the prostate that look suspicious on MRI
MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
MRI procedure providing info of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumours
multiparametric MRI
ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
blood test measures the level of prostate specific antigen in the blood.
prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm. evaluates infertility and effectiveness of vasectomy
semen analysis
blood test to measure the level of the hormone responsible for male physical characteristics (testosterone); used to detect multiple conditions in men/women like infertility
total testosterone
physical examination in which one finger is inserted into rectum to palpate prostate through rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer.
digital rectal examination (DRE)
condition of without sperm
aspermia
condition of scanty sperm
oligospermia
pain in the testis (also called testalgia)
orchialgia
STI, caused by bacterium C. trachomatis. Symptoms only occur when the disease is serious
chlamydia
STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2
genital herpes
STI caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract
gonorrhea
STI caused by a retrovirus that infects T- helper cells of the immune system. May be acquired in utero or through blood via needle sharing. advanced HIV = AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
STI caused by viral infection. (also called genital warts)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
infection spread through sexual contact. (also called STD)
STI
infection caused by bacterium Treponema Pallidum. rapidly spreads throughout the body and can progress thru stages. usually sexually transmitted but can be acquired in utero and direct contact with infected skin
syphilis
STI from a 1 cell organism trichomonas. infects the genitourinary tract. men can be asymptomatic or experience urethritis, enlarged prostate, epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, vaginal/ urethra discharge
trichomoniasis
introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into female repro. system. used as an infertility tx option
artificial insemination
cover for the penis worn to prevent conception and spread of STIs
condom
an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception
spermicide
lack of live sperm in semen.
azoospermia
ejection of semen from male urethra
ejaculation
climax of sexual stimulation
orgasm
stimulation of secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins.
puberty
bladder outlet obstruction
BOO
lower urinary tract symptoms
LUTS
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
erectile dysfunction
ED
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
human papillomavirus
HPV
digital rectal examination
DRE
transrectal ultrasound
TRUS
prostate- specific antigen
PSA
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland
HoLEP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland
PVP
radical prostatectomy
RP
transurethral incision of the prostate gland
TUIP
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TUMT
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
TURP
