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Medical terminology > Chapter 4: integumentary system > Flashcards

Chapter 4: integumentary system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

skin

A

organ covering the body; made up of layers (also called cutaneous membrane)

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin, protects the body from external environment

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3
Q

keratin

A

scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis. also the primary component of the hair and nails

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4
Q

melanin

A

dark pigmented by melanocytes; amount present determines skin color

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5
Q

hair

A

compressed; keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers

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6
Q

nails

A

horny plates made from flattened epithelial cell; found on the dorsal surface of the ends of fingers and toes

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7
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

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8
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat (aka sweat glands)

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9
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin; responsible for its flexibility and mechanical strength

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10
Q

hypodermis

A

layer between the dermis and the underlying tissues and organs; contains adipose tissue, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels (also called subcutaneous layer)

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11
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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12
Q

derm/o

A

skin

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13
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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14
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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15
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue (keratin), hard

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16
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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17
Q

seb/o

A

sebum/ oil

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18
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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19
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

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20
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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21
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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22
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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23
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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24
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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25
Q

pachy/o

A

thick

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26
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkles

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27
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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28
Q

staphyl/o

A

grapelike clusters

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29
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains

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30
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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31
Q

xer/o

A

dry/ dryness

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32
Q

epi-

A

on, upon, over

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33
Q

intra-

A

within

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34
Q

para-

A

beside, beyond, around

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35
Q

per-

A

through

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36
Q

sub-

A

under, below

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37
Q

trans-

A

through, across, beyond

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38
Q

-a

A

noun suffix, no meaning

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39
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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40
Q

-coccus | -cocci

A

berry shaped (form of bacterium)

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41
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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42
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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43
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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44
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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45
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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46
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

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47
Q

-logy

A

study of

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48
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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49
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

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50
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)

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51
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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52
Q

-phagia

A

eating or swallowing

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53
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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54
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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55
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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56
Q

dermatofibroma

A

fibrous tumor of the skin

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57
Q

hidradenitis

A

inflammation of a sweat gland

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58
Q

keratosis

A

abnormal condition (growth) of horny tissue (keratin)

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59
Q

onychocryptosis

A

abnormal condition of a hidden nail (aka an ingrown nail)

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60
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of the nails

61
Q

onychomycosis

A

abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails

62
Q

onychophagia

A

eating the nails (nail bitting)

63
Q

pachyderma

A

thickening of the skin

64
Q

paronychia

A

diseased state around the nail

65
Q

scleroderma

A

hard skin (chronic hardening or induration of the connective tissue of the skin and other organs)

66
Q

seborrhea

A

discharge of sebum

67
Q

xanthoma

A

dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)

68
Q

albinism

A

congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

69
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer. it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location. common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure

70
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast type fungus “candida albicans”. ‘candida’ is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes infection. esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

71
Q

carbuncle

A

infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria

72
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling

73
Q

contusion

A

injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration

74
Q

eczema

A

noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching

75
Q

fissure

A

slit or crack like sore in the skin

76
Q

furnuncle

A

painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (boil)

77
Q

gangrene

A

death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion ( a type of necrosis)

78
Q

herpes

A

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes zoster (shingles)

79
Q

impetigo

A

superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci

80
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS

81
Q

keloid

A

overgrowth of scar tissue

82
Q

laceration

A

torn, ragged edged wound

83
Q

measles

A

highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, runny nose, cough and spreading skin rash. can lead to other deadly issues. is fatal even though there is a vaccine

84
Q

MRSA infection

A

invasion of body tissue by methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (a strain of common bacteria that is resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics). can cause skin/ bloodstream infections and can be fatal. common in hospitals and long term care facilities

85
Q

pediculosis

A

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

86
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

abnormal pocket of skin that contains hair and skin debris. it is frequently located near the tailbone, at the top of the cleft of the buttocks. if it becomes infected, it can be painful and may require surgery

87
Q

pressure injury

A

damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients. can be intact skin or an open ulcer

88
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

89
Q

rosacea

A

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels. usually in the central part of the face

90
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing in the outer layer of skin and laying eggs

91
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis, it invades local tissue and may metastasize. can also happen on lips and genitals

92
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidney, and nervous system. autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. can effect other organs

93
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails. The infection is classified by location (tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis)

94
Q

urticaria

A

itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size and shapes. Can be associated with infections, allergic reactions, internal disease. (aka hives)

95
Q

vitiligo

A

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes

96
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current or caustic substance

97
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often with the use of liquid nitrogen

98
Q

debridement

A

removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound

99
Q

dermabrasion

A

procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material

100
Q

excision

A

removal by cutting

101
Q

incision

A

surgical cut or wound procedure by a sharp instrument

102
Q

incision and drainage (I&D)

A

surgical cut made to allow the withdraw of fluids from a lesion/ wound/ cavity

103
Q

laser surgery

A

procedure using an instrument that emits a high powered beam of light used to cut, burn, destroy tissue

104
Q

Mohs surgery

A

technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of a skin cancer

105
Q

skin graft

A

skin transplanted to replace lost portion of the body skin surface. May be a full thickness or split- thickness graft

106
Q

suturing

A

to stitch edges of a wound surgically

107
Q

erythroderma

A

red skin/ abnormal redness of the skin

108
Q

hypertrichosis

A

abnormal condition of excessive hair growth (also called hirsutism)

109
Q

leukoderma

A

white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)

110
Q

xanthoderma

A

yellow skin

111
Q

xerosis

A

abnormal condition of dryness (of skin, eye, or mouth)

112
Q

cutaneous

A

pertaining to skin

113
Q

epidermal

A

pertaining to upon the skin

114
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under the skin

115
Q

intradermal (ID)

A

pertaining to within the skin

116
Q

keratogenic

A

producing horny tissue

117
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

118
Q

subcutaneous

A

pertaining to under the skin

119
Q

subungual

A

pertaining to under the nail

120
Q

transdermal (TD)

A

pertaining to through the skin

121
Q

ungual

A

pertaining to the nail

122
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus and other material. can be cutaneous or internal

123
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair (androgenic, areata, traction)

124
Q

cyst

A

closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material; can be in the skin or other area of the body

125
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

126
Q

ecchymosis

A

large (>1 cm), flat, blue purple lesion caused by escape of blood into deep areas of the skin as may occur when blood is withdrawn by needle and syringe from an arm vein

127
Q

edema

A

puffy swelling from accumulation of fluid

128
Q

induration

A

abnormal hard spots or area of skin; may include underlying tissue

129
Q

jaundice

A

condition characterized by yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membrane and sclera caused by presence of bile

130
Q

lesion

A

visable change in tissue from injury or disease

131
Q

leukoplakia

A

white spots or patches on mucous membrane, can be precancerous

132
Q

macule

A

flat, colored spot on the skin

133
Q

nevus

A

circumscribed malformation of the skin. congenital nevus is present at birth; birthmark

134
Q

nodule

A

small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch

135
Q

pallor

A

paleness

136
Q

papule

A

small solid skin elevation

137
Q

petechiae

A

tiny (.3cm<), pinpoint, bright red lesion from escape of blood into the skin and mucous membrane

138
Q

pruritus

A

itching

139
Q

purpura

A

small (.3 - 1cm), reddish purple lesion from escape of blood into skin and mucous membrane

140
Q

pustule

A

elevation of skin containing pus

141
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of the skin or mucous membrane

142
Q

verruca

A

circumcised elevation caused by virus

143
Q

vesicle

A

small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid

144
Q

wheal

A

transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and red surrounding area (singular urticaria)

145
Q

CA- MRSA
HA- MRSA

A

CA: community assoc. MRSA
HA: healthcare assoc. MRSA

146
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematous

147
Q

FTSG, STSG

A

FTSG: full thickness skin graft
STSG: split thickness skin graft

148
Q

ID, TD

A

intradermal, transdermal

149
Q

subcut

A

subcutaneous

Medical terminology (12 decks)

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