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Medical terminology > Chapter 5: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

nose

A

line with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

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2
Q

nasal septum

A

partition separating right and left nasal cavities

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3
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

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4
Q

pharynx

A

serves as a food and air passageway. air goes from nose to pharynx to larynx. (aka throat)

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5
Q

adenoids

A

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

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6
Q

larynx

A

location of the vocal cords. air enters from the pharynx (voice box)

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7
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

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8
Q

trachea

A

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx (windpipe)

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9
Q

bronchus

A

1 of the 2 branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. the branching resemble a tree- referred to as a bronchial tree

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10
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

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11
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 and CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

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12
Q

thorax

A

chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs.

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13
Q

thoracic cavity

A

hollow space between neck and diaphragm

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14
Q

lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. right lung 3 lobes, left lung 2 lobes

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15
Q

pleura

A

double folded, serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavitywith a small space in between, called pleural cavity which contains serous fluid

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16
Q

mediastinum

A

space between lungs. it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures

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17
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. help in breathing process by contracting and relaxing to move air in/out

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18
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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19
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (s.), alveoli (pl.)

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20
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl.)

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21
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl.)

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22
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

diaphragm

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23
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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24
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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25
Q

lob/o

A

lobe(s)

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26
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

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27
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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28
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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29
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

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30
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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31
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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32
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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33
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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34
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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35
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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36
Q

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

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37
Q

dys-

A

painful, difficult, labored, abnormal

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38
Q

endo-

A

within

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39
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

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40
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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41
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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42
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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43
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung, air

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44
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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45
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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46
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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47
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus(es)

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48
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax, chest, chest cavity

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49
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil(s)

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50
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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51
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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52
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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53
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

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54
Q

py/o

A

pus

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55
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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56
Q

spir/o

A

breathe/ breathing

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57
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient, under

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58
Q

intra-

A

within

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59
Q

neo-

A

new

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60
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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61
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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62
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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63
Q

-ar, -ary

A

pertaining to

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64
Q

-cele

A

hernia, protrusion

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65
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

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66
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

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67
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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68
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilation, expansion

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69
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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70
Q

-emia

A

in the blood

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71
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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72
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state

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73
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

74
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

75
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

76
Q

-logy

A

study of

77
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

78
Q

-metry

A

measurement

79
Q

-oid

A

resembling

80
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

81
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

82
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

83
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

84
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

85
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

86
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting, coughing

87
Q

-rrhagia

A

excessive bleeding

88
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

89
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

90
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visual examination

91
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

92
Q

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

93
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

94
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening

95
Q

-thorax

A

chest, chest cavity

96
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

97
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

98
Q

alveolitis

A

inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental)

99
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

100
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

101
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

102
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumour originating in a bronchus (also known as lung cancer)

103
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (inflammation of lungs that starts in the terminal bronchioles)

104
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

105
Q

diaphragmatocele

A

hernia of the diaphragm

106
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

107
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest cavity (pleural cavity)

108
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

109
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

110
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

111
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

pertaining to the lobes; diseased state of the lung (infection of 1 or more lobes of the lung)

112
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

113
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

114
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

115
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

116
Q

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lung

117
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

118
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest cavity (specifically the pleural cavity which causes lung collapse)

119
Q

pulmonary neoplasm

A

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

120
Q

pyothorax

A

puts in the chest cavity (pleural cavity) (also empyema)

121
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)

122
Q

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

123
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding from the nose (also called epistaxis)

124
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses

125
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

126
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

127
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

128
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult. symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)

129
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

130
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

131
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD)

A

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are 2 main components of COPD. (most commonly due to cigarettes)

132
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (aka valley fever)

133
Q

coronavirus disease (COVID- 19)

A

respiratory inflection caused by virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, etc.,. can range from mild to severe with possibility of ARDS and multi system organ failure

134
Q

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx characterized by barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. can be caused by viral/ bacterial infection, allergy, foreign body. mostly in children

135
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

hereditary disorder of the exocrine gland characterized by excess mucous production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency , and other symptoms

136
Q

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

137
Q

diphtheria

A

serious bacterial infection affecting mucous membrane of the nose and throat. creates a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, death. it is rare in developed countries bc there is a vaccine

138
Q

emphysema

A

loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (part of COPD)

139
Q

epitaxis

A

nosebleed

140
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

A

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs. etiology unknown; no cure

141
Q

influenza

A

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

142
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (no breathing); can cause daytime drowsiness and hypertension

143
Q

pertussis

A

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, acute crowning inspiration or whoop. mainly effects infants too young to be vaccinated or adults whose immunity has faded

144
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma

145
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

146
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

matter foreign to the circulation carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or amount. blood clot broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are most common causes.

147
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious bacterial disease. most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs. may spread to other organs

148
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)

149
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

150
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

151
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

152
Q

laryngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the larynx

153
Q

laryngostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

154
Q

laryngotracheotomy

A

incision into the larynx and trachea

155
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

156
Q

pleurodesis

A

fusion of the pleura.

157
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

158
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

159
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of nasal septum

160
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision into a sinus

161
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

162
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest cavity

163
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

164
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

165
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of artificial opening in the trachea

166
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

167
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

168
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

169
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity

170
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within hollow organ or body cavity

171
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination w/in hollow organ or bone cavity

172
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

173
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

174
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinum

175
Q

thoracoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of chest cavity

176
Q

thoracoscopy

A

visual examination of the chest cavity

177
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording tests during sleep (used to dx obstructive sleep apnea)

178
Q

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure CO2 levels in expired gas

179
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure O2 saturation in the blood

180
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung vol.)

181
Q

spirometry

A

a measurement of breathing (or airflow)

Medical terminology (12 decks)

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