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Medical terminology > Chapter 6: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kidney

A

bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. function to remove waste products from blood and aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

nephron

A

urine producing microscopic structure. apprx. 1 million nephrons are in each kidney

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3
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood thereby forming urine, begins here

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4
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnel- shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects urine and passes it to the ureter

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5
Q

hilum

A

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney

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6
Q

ureters

A

2 slender tubes, approx. 10 -13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

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7
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. as it fills, the thick muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

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8
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. the narrow tube varies in length by sex. in males it is also part of the repro. system and carries seminal fluid.

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9
Q

urinary meatus

A

opening through which the urine passes to the outside

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10
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, sac

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11
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

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13
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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14
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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16
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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17
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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18
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder, sac

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19
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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20
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

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21
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

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22
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

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23
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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24
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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25
Q

lith/o

A

stone(s), calculus

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26
Q

noct/i

A

night

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27
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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28
Q

son/o

A

sound

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29
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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30
Q

urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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31
Q

a-

A

absence of, without

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32
Q

dys-

A

difficult, painful, abnormal., labored

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33
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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34
Q

trans-

A

through, across, beyond

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35
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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37
Q

-cele

A

hernia, protrusion

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38
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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39
Q

-emia

A

in the blood

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40
Q

-gram

A

the record, radiographic image

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41
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic image

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42
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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43
Q

-iasis

A

condition

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44
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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45
Q

-lith

A

stones, calculus

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46
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

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47
Q

-logy

A

study of

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48
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

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49
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

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50
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

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51
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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52
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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53
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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54
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

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55
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

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56
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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57
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

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58
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening

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59
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

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60
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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61
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

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62
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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63
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder

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64
Q

cystolith

A

stones in the bladder

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65
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

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66
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal condition of water in the kidney (swelling due to build up of urine; usually due to a blockage in the ureter)

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67
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of a kidney

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68
Q

nephroblastoma

A

kidney tumor containing developing germ cells (also called Wilms tumor)

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69
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

condition of stones in the kidney

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70
Q

nephroma

A

tumor of the kidney

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71
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of a kidney

72
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping kidney (also called floating kidney)

73
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

74
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

75
Q

uremia

A

urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood; assoc. with kidney disease, vomiting, weightloss, renal failure

76
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of a ureter

77
Q

ureterocele

A

protrusion of a ureter

78
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

condition of stones in the ureter

79
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

80
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

81
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

82
Q

vesicoureteral refulx (VUR)

A

reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (the urine flows backwards towards the kidney)

83
Q

acute kidney injury (AKI)

A

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible (acute renal failure- ARF)

84
Q

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A

progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function (also called chronic renal failure- CRF)

85
Q

end stage renal disease

A

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own. dialysis or kidney transplant is necessary for survival

86
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

87
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis. females may also have a form of hypospadias where the urinary meatus is unusually located

88
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

89
Q

renal calculus

A

stone in the kidney

90
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

91
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

92
Q

urinary supression

A

sudden stoppage of urine formation

93
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

94
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the bladder

95
Q

cystolithotomy

A

incision into the bladder to remove stones

96
Q

cystostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening in the bladder (for urinary drainage) (also called vesicostomy)

97
Q

lithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of stones (using shock waves)

98
Q

meatotomy

A

incision into the meatus (to enlarge it)

99
Q

nephrectomy

A

excision of the kidney

100
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into the kidney to remove stones

101
Q

nephrolithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of stones in the kidney (using shock waves)

102
Q

nephrolysis

A

separating the kidney from other body structures

103
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of the kidney

104
Q

nephrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

105
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones

106
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

107
Q

ureterectomy

A

excision of the ureter

108
Q

ureterostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the ureter (for drainage of urine)

109
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the urethra

110
Q

urostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the urinary system

111
Q

vesicourethral suspension

A

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

112
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves. stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine

113
Q

fulguration

A

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method used to destroy bladder growths)

114
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

115
Q

cystogram

A

radiographic image of bladder

116
Q

cystography

A

radiographic imaging of the bladder

117
Q

nephrosonography

A

process of recording the kidney using sound

118
Q

renogram

A

radiographic record of the kidney (an imagining test, used to evaluate kidney function)

119
Q

retrograde urogram

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract

120
Q

urogram

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract

121
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

radiographic imagining of the bladder and urethra

122
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

123
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the bladder

124
Q

nephroscopy

A

visual examination of the kidney

125
Q

ureteroscopy

A

visual examination of the ureter

126
Q

KUB

A

simple radiographic image of the abdomen. often used to see kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine their size, shape, and location. (aka flat plate of the abdomen)

127
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen; a test that measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. an increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function.

128
Q

creatinine

A

blood test that measures the amount of a waste product in the blood that comes from the normal wear and tear of muscles. elevated amount can indicate impaired kidney function

129
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

130
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.

131
Q

urine culture and sensitivity

A

test performed on a urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast; used to diagnose UTIs

132
Q

urodynamics

A

pertaining to the force and flow of urine w/in the urinary tract.

133
Q

albuminuria

A

albumin in the urine (is an important protein in the blood, but when found in urine may indicate kidney disease)

134
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine (failure of the kidney to make urine)

135
Q

azotemia

A

nitrogen in the blood

136
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

137
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar (glucose) in the urine

138
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

139
Q

nocturia

A

night urination

140
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine (amount)

141
Q

polyuria

A

much (excessive) urine

142
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

143
Q

nephrologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

144
Q

nephrology

A

study of the kidney

145
Q

urologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

146
Q

urology

A

study of the urinary tract

147
Q

intravesical

A

pertaining to within the urinary bladder

148
Q

meatal

A

pertaining to the meatus

149
Q

transurethral

A

pertaining to through the urethra

150
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine

151
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination; nocturnal enuresis (bed- wetting); diurnal enuresis (daytime- wetting)

152
Q

prolapse

A

displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position (also called ptosis)

153
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing, such as urethral stricture

154
Q

urinary incotinence

A

inability to control the bladder causing leakage of urine

155
Q

diuretic

A

agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine

156
Q

hemodialysis

A

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

157
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

158
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

159
Q

catheter (cath)

A

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter for withdrawing or instilling fluids

160
Q

urinal

A

receptacle for urine

161
Q

distended

A

stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine)

162
Q

electrolytes

A

minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium, that carry an electrolyte charge. electrolyte balance is needed for the body to function normally and is maintained in the kidneys

163
Q

void

A

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

164
Q

AKI

A

acute kidney injury

165
Q

ESRD

A

end stage renal disease

166
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

167
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

168
Q

VUR

A

vesicoureteral reflux

169
Q

KUB

A

kidneys ureters (and) bladder

170
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

171
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

172
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrography

173
Q

cath

A

catheterization, catheter

174
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

175
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

Medical terminology (12 decks)

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