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Medical terminology > Chapter 12: Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

eye

A

organ of vision

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2
Q

sclera

A

outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye

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3
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. it allows the light rays to enter the eye.

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4
Q

uvea

A

layer of tissue beneath the sclera and cornea; contains the choroid, iris, and ciliary body

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5
Q

choroid

A

middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye

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6
Q

iris

A

pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

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7
Q

ciliary body

A

connects the choroid to the iris; produces aqueous humor and helps change the shape of the lens for focusing

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8
Q

pupil

A

opening in the center of the iris

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9
Q

lens

A

lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light

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10
Q

retina

A

innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors

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11
Q

macula

A

small portion of the retina at the back of the eye; responsible for detailed central vision

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12
Q

optic nerve

A

carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain

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13
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. it provides nourishment to surrounding structures and maintains shape in the anterior portion of the eye

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14
Q

vitreous humor

A

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

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15
Q

meibomian glands

A

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the help lubricate the eye (also called tarsal glands)

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16
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

network of glands, ducts, canals, and sacs that produce and drain tears; the lacrimal gland produces tears, which then flow through lacrimal ducts to cover the surface of the eye.

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17
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

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18
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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19
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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20
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

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21
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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22
Q

dacry/o

A

tears

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23
Q

ir/o

A

iris

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24
Q

irid/o

A

iris

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25
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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26
Q

lacrim/o

A

tear

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27
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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28
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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29
Q

opt/o

A

vision

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30
Q

phac/o

A

lens

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31
Q

phak/o

A

lens

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32
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

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33
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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34
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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35
Q

uve/o

A

uvea

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36
Q

angi/o

A

vessels; blood vessels

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37
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

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38
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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39
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, sace

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40
Q

dipl/o

A

two, double

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41
Q

is/o

A

equal

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42
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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43
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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44
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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45
Q

phot/o

A

light

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46
Q

pseud/o

A

false

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47
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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48
Q

ton/o

A

tension, pressure

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49
Q

xer/o

A

dry, dryness

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50
Q

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

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51
Q

bin-

A

two

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52
Q

endo-

A

within

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53
Q

intra-

A

within

54
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

55
Q

-algia

A

pain

56
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

57
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

58
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

59
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

60
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic image

61
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

62
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

63
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

64
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

65
Q

-logy

A

study of

66
Q

-malacia

A

softening

67
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

68
Q

-metry

A

measurement

69
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

70
Q

-opia

A

vision

71
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

72
Q

-pathy

A

disease

73
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

74
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear or aversion

75
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

76
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

77
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

78
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

79
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

80
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening

81
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

82
Q

aphakia

A

condition of without a lens

83
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

84
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid

85
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

86
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the tear sac

87
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

88
Q

endophthalmitis

A

inflammation within the eye

89
Q

iridoplegia

A

paralysis of the iris

90
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

91
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

92
Q

keratomalacia

A

softening of the cornea

93
Q

leukocoria

A

condition of white pupil

94
Q

oculomycosis

A

abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus

95
Q

ophthalmopathy

A

disease of the eye

96
Q

ophthalmalgia

A

pain in the eye

97
Q

ophthalmoplegia

A

paralysis of the eye (muscle)

98
Q

phacomalacia

A

softening of the lens

99
Q

retinoblastoma

A

tumor arising from a developing retinal cell

100
Q

retinopathy

A

(non inflammatory) disease of the retina

101
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

102
Q

scleromalacia

A

softening of the sclera

103
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of the uvea

104
Q

uveoscleritis

A

inflammation of the uvea and sclera

105
Q

xerophthalmia

A

condition of dry eye (conjunctiva and cornea)

106
Q

amblyopia

A

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision. the brain suppresses images from the impaired eye to avoid double vision

107
Q

anisometropia

A

significant unequal error between two eyes

108
Q

astigmatism

A

blurred vision caused by irregualr curvature of the cornea or lens. light refracts improperly resulting in diffused rather than points of light focusing on the retina

109
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

110
Q

chalazion

A

noninfected obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid

111
Q

drusen

A

yellowish deposits located under the retina; commonly associated with aging and macular degeneration

112
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disorder characterized by increase of intraocular pressure. if left untreated may progress to optic nerve damage and visual impairment/ loss

113
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

114
Q

hyphema

A

hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye; most often caused by blunt trauma

115
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called macula, resulting in loss of central vision. age related macular degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness in persons older than 65yrs

116
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

117
Q

nyctalopia

A

poor vision at night or in faint light

118
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, jerking movements of the eye

119
Q

pinguecula

A

yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to long term exposure to UV light, dry climate, dust. if it spreads to the cornea it becomes pterygium

120
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision as a result of aging

121
Q

pterygium

A

this tissue growing onto the cornea from the conjunctiva usually caused by sun exposure

122
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of retina from the choroid in the posterior portion of the eye resulting in a disruption of vision that may be permanent if treatment is delayed. onset may be gradual or sudden and is not painful

123
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

124
Q

strabismus

A

condition in which the eyes look in different directions; caused by disfunction of the external eye muscles or uncorrected refractive error

125
Q

sty

A

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

126
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

127
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold (CO2)

128
Q

dacryocystorhinostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening between the tear sac and the nose

129
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of the iris

130
Q

iridotomy

A

incision of the iris

131
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

132
Q

sclerotomy

A

incision into the sclera

Medical terminology (12 decks)

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