Chapter 7: Learning Part 3 Flashcards
semantic learning
learning about facts
episodic learning
learning about events in our lives
massed
when exposure to material occurs all at once
spaced
when exposure to material is separated in time
what is the most effective way of learning?
spaced learning
context effect
if you learn information in only one context, you may be less likely to recall it when you are in a different location
why is studying in different locations better for recalling memories/information?
knowledge is tied/associated less to the place, more easily recalled later
what enhances learning?
attention and awareness
explain “pop-out”
when a particular stimulus is different from those that surround it, it is an automatic attentional process; associate with bottom-up processing
explain “active searching”
active attentional process where one examines material to find the most relevant stimuli; associate with top-down processing
sometimes attention to one stimulus blocks…
our attention to another stimulus; ex. Stroop effect
sleep deprivation impairs our ability to pay attention and learn and also prevents learned information from:
moving into more permanent long term memory storage
what kind of learning are prenatal infants capable of?
non-associative learning (habituation and sensitization to sensory stimuli) and basic associative learning
specific learning disorder
a disorder that interferes with the acquisition and use of one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in the development of academic skills: oral language, reading, written language, mathematics
reading disorder
a deficit in reading comprehension, written spelling, and word recognition, AKA dyslexia
