Chapter 7 - Infection and Disease

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

any condition that impairs the normal activity of an organism
infectious and non-infectious

Question 2

non-infectious diseases describe and examples

Answer 2

not caused by a pathogen
cannot be transmitted directly
inherited disorder, nutritional deficiency, autoimmune diseases

Question 3

inherited (genetic) disorder

Answer 3

carried in the DNA
inherited from parents
e.g. down syndrome, cystic fibrosis

Question 4

nutritional deficiency

Answer 4

results from lack of vitamins / minerals in the diet

e.g. osteoporosis, anemia

Question 5

autoimmune diseases

Answer 5

results from the immune system failing to properly detect its own cells (self) from those of other organisms (non-self)
e.g. multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

infectious diseases

Answer 6

caused by a pathogen
can be passed on / transmitted
e.g. influenza, chicken pox, diphtheria

Question 7

pathogen

Answer 7

organism able to cause disease in a host

Question 8

transmission of pathogens

Answer 8

body contact
sexual contact
droplet or airborne
contamination of food / water
carrying or injecting vector

Question 9

carrier

Answer 9

a person infected with a pathogen with who shows no symptoms

Question 10

non-cellular agents

Answer 10

infective agents that lack cellular structure

prions, viruses

Question 11

prions

Answer 11

made of protein PrP

two types: PrPc, PrPsc

Question 12

PrPc

Answer 12

prion; normal protein found naturally in th body

Question 13

PrPsc

Answer 13

prion; disease causing infectious form

resistant to proteases

Question 14

viruses

Answer 14

non-cellular
infectious agents
host specific
e.g. cold, influenza, AIDS, rubella

Question 15

bacteriophage

Answer 15

viruses that infect bacteria

Question 16

cell lysis

Answer 16

destroys the host cell

Question 17

retroviruses

Answer 17

contain RNA instead of DNA
e.g. HIV
Antiretroviral therapy

Question 18

treatment of viral infections

Answer 18

more difficult than bacteria

can damage host cell

Question 19

interferon

Answer 19

protein secreted by host cells infected with the virus
inhibits the destruction of other cells
blocks viral protein synthesis

Question 20

cellular agents

Answer 20

cellular organisms

bacteria, protists, fungi, parasites

Question 21

bacteria

Answer 21

unicellular, found everywhere

can tolerate extreme conditions

Question 22

classification of bacteria

Answer 22

shape
structure
reaction to particular stains: gram stain

Question 23

structures on bacteria

Answer 23

flagella
capsule: outside cell wall
spores

Question 24

how bacteria causes disease

Answer 24

reproduce in host
Harms host tissue
produce toxins

Question 25

binary fission

Answer 25

reproduction in unicellular organisms where one cell splits into two

Question 26

treatment of bacterial diseases

Answer 26

antibiotics

Question 27

protists

Answer 27

heterotrophs tha absorb nutrients from their host and can reproduce both sexual and asexually

Question 28

treatment of protists

Answer 28

no effective vaccines available

Question 29

fungi

Answer 29

heterotrophs that obtain nutrients from the decomposition of dead organic matter

superficial: skin, hair and nails
e. g. ringworm, tinea

Question 30

treatment of fungi

Answer 30

anti fungal ointments and oral preparations

Question 31

parasites

Answer 31

an organism which obtains food from another organism to the detriment of its host
cause diseases but usually don’t kill: lose home

Question 32

endoparasites

Answer 32

live inside the body of the host organism

e.f. tapeworm, heartworm

Question 33

ectoparasites

Answer 33

live outside / on the body of the host organism

e.g. head lice, fleas

Question 34

host

Answer 34

organism or cell that a specific parasite live in or on

Question 35

intermediate host

Answer 35

a secondary host

Question 36

parasite reproduction strategies

Answer 36

hermaphrodites
produce large numbers of eggs
reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 37

proteases

Answer 37

enzymes that break down proteins