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Biology Exam > Chapter 10 - Nature, Structure and Organisation of the Genetic Material > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Nature, Structure and Organisation of the Genetic Material Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleotides

A

basic building blocks of nucleic acids

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2
Q

structure of nucleotide

A

pentose sugar (ribose / deoxyribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

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3
Q

two different types of nucleotides

A

purines

pyrimidines

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4
Q

purines

A

AG

double-ringed

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5
Q

pyrimidines

A

CUT

single-ringed

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6
Q

DNA

A

2 nucleotides - antiparallel
phosphate-sugar backbone
weak hydrogen bonds
double helix

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7
Q

mtDNA

A

mitochondrial DNA
double-stranded circular molecule
matrilineal pattern of inheritance

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8
Q

dissociation

A

double helix strands separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases

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9
Q

gene

A

section of DNA that codes for a protein (polypeptide)

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10
Q

template strand

A

contains the coded information of a particular gene

transcribed during protein synthesis

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11
Q

exons

A

the part of a gene that contains the coded information for making a protein

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12
Q

introns

A

‘interruptions’

removed during transcription

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13
Q

flanking regions

A

regions either side the coding regions

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14
Q

gene sequencing

A

involves the process of identifying the order of nucleotides along a gene

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15
Q

coded information

A

DNA template strand

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16
Q

genome

A

sum total of the genes present in a cell or an organism

17
Q

mutations

A

changes that occur in the DNA of an organism

somatic or germline

18
Q

somatic mutations

A

Not inherited

Occur only in somatic cells

19
Q

germline mutations

A

occur in gametes

heritable

20
Q

point mutations

A

change the sequence of nucleotides in DNA for a single gene

21
Q

substitution mutations

A

one nucleotide in the DNA is replaced by another

just affects one triplet

22
Q

addition and deletion mutations

A

the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides into the DNA strand

23
Q

frameshift mutation

A

alter ‘reading frame’ from that point onwards

Biology Exam (15 decks)

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