Chapter 16 - Human Intervention in Evolution

Question 1

gene cloning

Answer 1

process of making multiple identical copies of a specific gene or segment of DNA
asexual reproduction
dolly the sheep
embryo splitting and somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 2

cloning by embryo splitting

Answer 2

cells of embryo artificially separated and implanted into uterus of surrogate

Question 3

cloning by somatic nuclear transfer

Answer 3

remove nucleus from cell and transfer to other enucleated cell-> redesigned nucleated cell
fuse somatic cell and enucleated cell

Question 4

gene cloning impact on evolution

Answer 4

effects gene pool: reduces genetic diversity
ageing more rapid: abnormalities
too much competition for resources if all identical

Question 5

bacterial transformation

Answer 5

occurs when host organism takes a foreign DNA and expresses the foreign gene
adds new genes to species
reduces genetic diversity

Question 6

stem cell differentiation

Answer 6

using stem cells to replace faulty or dead cells

no natural selection

Question 7

stem cells

Answer 7

undifferentiated or precursor cells that have the ability to differentiate into many different and specialised cell types

Question 8

genetic screening

Answer 8

testing people to detect those with alleles responsible for particular genetic disorders
effect allele frequencies

Question 9

gene therapy

Answer 9

introduction into a tissue or organ of specific DNA to replace or compensate for defective disease-causing allele
replaces faulty with normal functioning healthy

Question 10

DNA profiling

Answer 10

technique for identifying DNA from different individuals based on variable regions known as STRs

Question 11

selective breeding / artificial selection

Answer 11

involves identifying individuals with desired characteristics / trait and using them to parent the next generation
not random
phenotypic characteristics

Question 12

breeders choose based on what

Answer 12

economic value
atheistic appeal
enhance features and increase frequency

Question 13

selective breeding impact on evolution

Answer 13

reduces genetic variation / diversity
wipe everyone out if all same
mutations
weakened immune systems
not seen in wild
does not help survival or reproduction
loss of alleles in gene pool