Chapter 7: Cartilage Flashcards
a tough, durable form of supporting connective tissue, characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM) with high concentrations of GAGs and proteoglycans, interacting with collagen and elastic fibers
cartilage
has a firm consistency that allows the tissue to bear mechanical stress w/o permanent distortion
cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)
cartilage consists of cells called
chondrocytes
synthesize and maintain all ECM components
chondrocytes
chondrocytes are located in the matrix cavities called
lacunae
the physical properties of cartilage depend on electrostatic bonds btw type __ _______ fibrils, ___________, and sulfated GAGs on densely packed ___________
type II collagen; hyaluronan; proteoglycans
the high content of bound water allows cartilage to serve as a ______ absorber
shock
all types of cartilage lack vascular supplies and chondrocytes receive nutrients by diffusion from capillaries in the perichondrium, meaning it’s _____ tissue
avascular
a sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage, forming an interface btw cartilage and the tissues supported by the cartilage
perichondrium
harbors the blood supply serving the cartilage and a small neural component
perichondrium
covers the ends of bones in movable joints; lacks perichondrium
articular cartilage
articular cartilage is sustained by the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the ______ _____
synovial fluid
three main types of cartilage: _____ cartilage, _____ cartilage, and ___________
hyaline; elastic; fibrocartilage
cartilage located in the articular surfaces of movable joints, in the walls of larger respiratory passages, in the ventral ends of ribs, sternum, and in epiphyseal plates of long bones
hyaline
in the embryo, _____ cartilage forms the temporary skeleton that is gradually replaced by bone
hyaline
ECM of _____ cartilage is homogeneous, with type II collagen and aggrecan
hyaline
aggrecan with approx, 150 GAG side chains of ________ _-sulfate, ______ _-sulfate, and ______ sulfate
chondroitin 4; chondroitin 6; keratan
most abundant proteoglycan of hyaline cartilage
aggrecan
structural multiadhesive glycoprotein in cartilage ECM; binds specially to GAGs, collagen, and integrins, mediating the adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM
chondronectin
provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; structural support for respiratory tract
hyaline cartilage
the ECM immediately around each lacuna; contains mostly proteoglycans and sparse collagen; stains darker
territorial matrix
more distant from lacunae; richer in collagen and may be less basophilic; stains lighter
interterritorial matrix
elliptic shape cells, with long axes parallel to the surface; at the periphery of the cartilage, young chondrocytes
chondroblasts
groups up to eight cells that originate from mitotic divisions of a single chondroblasts
isogenous aggregates
hyaline cartilage cells metabolize glucose mainly by _______ ______
anaerobic glycolysis
a major regulator of hyaline cartilage growth; pituitary-derived protein called growth hormone or ______
somatotropin
expect at epiphyses and articular, all hyaline cartilage is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue called ______
perichondrium
the outer region of the perichondrium consists largely of collagen _____ ___ fibers and _______
type I; fibroblasts
contains an abundant network of elastic fibers and a meshwork of collagen type II fibrils
elastic cartilage
found in the ears, the epiglottis, and the upper respiratory tract
elastic cartilage
a mingling of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue
fibrocartilage
found in intervertebral discs, certain ligament attachments, and in the pubic symphysis
fibrocartilage
chondrocytes of fibrocartilage produce ____ ___ _____ and other ECM components
collagen type II
has no distinct perichondrium; more acidophilic due to low amounts of proteoglycans
fibrocartilage
provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues
elastic cartilage
provides cushioning, tensile strength, and resistance to tearing and compression
fibrocartilage
all cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchyme in the process of ______
chondrogenesis
involving mitotic division of preexisting chondrocytes; growing outward
interstitial growth
involves chondroblasts differentiation from progenitor cells in the perichondrium; growing inward
appositional growth
chronic condition - gradual loss or degeneration of hyaline articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
stain for elastic
weigerts
