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Histology > Chapter 11: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

includes both the blood and lymphatic vascular system; pumps and directs blood cells and substances carried in blood to all tissues of the body

A

circulatory system

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2
Q

the ____ propels blood through the system and is surrounded by the ________, a fibrous sac lined by serous mesothelium

A

heart; pericardium

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3
Q

a series of vessels efferent from the heart that become smaller as they branch into the various organs, carry blood to the tissues

A

arteries

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4
Q

the smallest vessels, are the sites of O2, CO2, nutrient, and waste product exchange between blood and tissues

A

capillaries

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5
Q

capillaries form a complex network of thin tubules called the _____

A

microvasculature or microvascular bed

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6
Q

the convergence of venules into a system of larger channels which continue enlarging as they approach the heart

A

veins

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7
Q

the internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic systems is lined by a ____ ____ epithelium called __________

A

simple squamous; endothelium

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8
Q

heart chamber that pumps blood to the lungs

A

right ventricle

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9
Q

heart chamber that pumps blood to the body

A

left ventricle

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10
Q

heart chamber that receives blood from the body

A

right atria

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11
Q

heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs

A

left atria

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12
Q

heart layer that contains single layer of endothelial cells, thin layer of fibroelastic CT, and Purkinje fibers

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

heart layer that is thicker around ventricles than the atria; thickest part of the heart; contains cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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14
Q

heart layer that contains simple squamous mesothelium, layer of loose CT with blood vessels and nerves, and secretes serous fluid (lubrication)

A

Epicardium or Visceral Pericardium

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15
Q

prominent dense irregular CT comprising the fibrous cardiac _____ separates the musculature of the atria from that of the ventricles

A

skeleton

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16
Q

heart valves inner region are lined by ______

A

endothelial

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17
Q

in both the subendocardial and myocardium layers, modified cardiac muscle cells make up the impulse _____ system of the heart

A

conducting

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18
Q

specialized to generate and conduct waves of depolarization, which stimulate rhythmic contractions in myocardial fibers

A

impulse conducting system

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19
Q

the impulse conducting system has two nodes of specialized myocardial tissue in the ____ ____ wall

A

right atrial

20
Q

name of two nodes

A

sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes

21
Q

located in the right atrial wall; small mass of modified cardiac muscle calls with fewer myofibrils; generates and distributes electrical signals; pacemaker

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

22
Q

located in the floor of the right atrium; small mass of modified cardiac muscle calls with fewer myofibrils; bundle of His; delayed response

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

23
Q

pale-staining fibers; mingle distally with contractile muscle fibers of each ventricle and trigger waves of contraction through both ventricles simultaneously

A

Purkinje fibers

24
Q

a blood glycoprotein involved in blood clotting; binds platelets

A

von Willebrands factor

25
Q

At site of injury or infection, __-____ is expressed rapidly on the luminal surface when unique elongated granules, called ___-____ ____, fuse with the cell membrane

A

P-selectin; Weibel-Palade bodies

26
Q

growth factors such as ______ _____ growth factor stimulate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis

A

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

27
Q

formation of the vascular system from embryonic mesenchyme

A

vasculogenesis

28
Q

capillary sprouting and outgrowth from small existing vessels

A

angiogenesis

29
Q

___ ___ fibers occur in the walls of all vessels; connected by many gap junctions and permit vasoconstriction and vasodilation that help in regulating the overall blood pressure

A

smooth muscle

30
Q

all larger vessels have walls with ____ concentric layers or tunics

A

three

31
Q

the tunica _____ consists of the endothelium and a thin subendothelial layer of loose CT and sometimes containing smooth muscle fibers

A

tunica intima

32
Q

In arteries, the intima includes a thin layer, the ____ ____ ___, composed of fenestrated elastin

A

internal elastic lamina

33
Q

the tunica _____ consists chiefly of concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle cells

A

tunica media

34
Q

In arteries, the media may also have an ____ ____ ___ separating it from the outermost tunic

A

external elastic lamina

35
Q

the tunica ____ is CT consisting principally of type I collagen and elastic fibers

A

externa or adventitia

36
Q

larger vessels usually have ____ ____ in the adventitia; required to provide metabolites to cells in those tunics in larger vessels because the wall is too thick to be nourished solely by diffusion from the blood in the lumen

A

vasa vasorum

37
Q

have no tunics; endothelium cells rolled into a tube

A

capillaries

38
Q

make up 90% of the body’s vasculature; slow blood flow (low pressure)

A

capillaries

39
Q

_____ capillaries have many tight, occluding junctions between endothelial cells, which provide for continuity along the endothelium and well-regulated metabolic exchange across the cells

A

continuous

40
Q

most common type of capillary found in muscle and CT

A

continuous

41
Q

_____ capillaries have a sieve-like structure that allows more extensive molecular exchange across the endothelium

A

fenestrated

42
Q

_____ capillaries are found in the kidneys and digestive system, like intestine

A

fenestrated

43
Q

_____ capillaries, commonly called _____, permit maximal exchange of macromolecules

A

discontinuous; sinusoids

44
Q

these capillaries are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

A

discontinuous or sinusoids

45
Q

secrete many ECM components and form their own basal lamina, which fuses w/ the basement membrane of the endothelial cells

A

pericytes

46
Q

after injuries, ____ differentiate to form smooth muscle and other cells in new vessels as the microvasculature is reestablished

A

pericytes

47
Q

contain an abundance of actin and myosin - contractile properties; regulate blood flow; blood-brain barrier

A

pericytes

Histology (12 decks)

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