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Histology > Chapter 3: Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

covering, lining, and protecting surfaces; absorption; secretion; contractility; sensory

A

Principal Functions of epithelial

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2
Q

a thin, extracellular sheet of macromolecules; a semipermeable filter for substances reached epithelial cells from below

A

Basement Membrane

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3
Q

thin, electron-dense sheetlike layer of fine fibers; nearest to epithelial cells

A

Basal lamina

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4
Q

a more diffuse and fibrous layer; farther from epithelial tissues

A

Reticular lamina

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5
Q

self-assemble into a 2D network of mesh sheets

A

Type IV Collagen

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6
Q

large glycoproteins that attach to transmembrane integrin proteins; form “lace-like” sheets

A

Laminin

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7
Q

short, rodlike protein and proteoglycan that cross-link laminins to type IV collagen

A

Nidogen and Perlecan

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8
Q

more diffuse meshwork of the reticular lamina contains _________

A

Type III Collagen

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9
Q

composed of the cells responsible for the organ’s specialized functions

A

Parenchyma

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10
Q

the cells of which have a supporting role in the organ

A

Stroma

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11
Q

the connective tissue tat underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems

A

lamina propria

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12
Q

small evaginations that project from the connective tissue into the epithelium to increase contact between the two tissues

A

papillae

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13
Q

another name for tight junctions

A

zonula occludens

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14
Q

another name for adhering junctions

A

zonula adherens

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15
Q

another name for desmosomes

A

macula adherens

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16
Q

form a seal between adjacent cells

A

tight junctions

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17
Q

are sites for strong cell adhesion; firmly anchoring a cell to its neighbors

A

adherent junctions

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18
Q

are channels for communication between adjacent cells

A

gap junctions

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19
Q

a term that indicates that the junction forms a band completely encircling each cell

A

zonula

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20
Q

the two transmembrane proteins that create the tight seal of tight junctions

A

occludin and claudin

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21
Q

transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion of zonula adherens

A

cadherins

22
Q

cadherins bind _____ that link to actin filaments with actin-binding proteins

A

catenins

23
Q

the actin filaments linked to the adherens junctions form part of the _________, a cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells

A

terminal web

24
Q

the transmembrane proteins of desmosomes

A

desmogleins and desmocollins

25
Q

desmoplakins bind to ____________ rather than actin filaments

A

intermediate filaments

26
Q

transmembrane gap junction proteins

A

connexins

27
Q

on the basal epithelial surface, cells attach to the basal lamina by anchoring junctions called

A

hemidesmosomes

28
Q

the clustered transmembrane proteins that indirectly link to cytokeratin intermediate filaments for hemidesmosomes are

A

integrins

29
Q

in epithelia specialized for absorption the apical cell surfaces are often filled with an array of projecting ___

A

microvilli

30
Q

microvilli are supported by ___

A

microfilaments

31
Q

increase the cell’s surface area, facilitating absorption; found in the epithelial cells lining the male reproductive system and inner ear sensory cells

A

stereocilia

32
Q

long, highly motile apical structures containing internal arrays of microtubules

A

cilia

33
Q

9+2 assembly of microtubules

A

axoneme

34
Q

epithelial cells that function mainly to produce and secrete various macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called ____

A

glands

35
Q

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release proteins are found in the

A

pancreas

36
Q

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release lipids are found in the

A

adrenal and sebaceous glands

37
Q

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release complexes of carbohydrates and proteins are found in the

A

salivary glands

38
Q

unicellular gland that secretes lubricating mucus that aids the function of the small intestine and respiratory tract

A

goblet cells

39
Q

secretory cells that have little synthetic activity and secrete mostly water and electrolytes (ions) are found in

A

sweat glands

40
Q

glands that remain connected with the surface epithelium, the connection forming the tubular ducts lined with epithelium that deliver the secreted material where it is used

A

exocrine glands

41
Q

glands that lose the connection to their original epithelium and therefore lack ducts

A

endocrine glands

42
Q

ducts not branched

A

simple gland

43
Q

ducts with two or more branches

A

complex gland

44
Q

either short or long and coiled

A

tubular secretory portion

45
Q

round and saclike

A

acinar secretory portion

46
Q

involves typical exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules; most common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion; no cell is lost

A

merocrine secretion

47
Q

accumulate product continuously as they enlarge and and rupture, releasing the product and cell debris into the gland’s lumen; whole cell is lost

A

holocrine secretion

48
Q

product accumulates at the cell’s apical ends, portions of which are then pinched off to release the product surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm and cell membrane; top of cell is lost

A

apocrine secretion

49
Q

these cells stain intensely with basophilic or acidophilic stains because they synthesize proteins

A

serous cells

50
Q

these cells stain well with PAS as they contain heavily glycosylated proteins

A

mucous cells

Histology (10 decks)

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