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Histology > Chapter 23: The Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 23: The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Highly developed photosensitive organs for analyzing the form, intensity, and color of light reflected from objects and providing the sense of sight

A

Eyes

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2
Q

The eye is composed of three concentric tunics or layers called: ___,___, and ___

A

Fibrous, Vascular, and Retina

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3
Q

At tough external fibrous layer consisting of the ____ and the transparent _____

A

Sclera; cornea

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4
Q

A middle vascular layer consisting of the ____, ____ body, and ___

A

Choroid, ciliary Body, and iris

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5
Q

An inner sensory layer, retina, which communicates with the _____ through the posterior ____ nerve

A

Cerebrum; optic nerve

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6
Q

The sclera consists mainly of _____ CT, with flat bundles of ____ _ _____, moderate ground substance, and fibroblasts

A

Dense; type I collagen

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7
Q

Attachment site for tendons of the extraocular muscles which move the eyes

A

Sclera

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8
Q

Joins the epineurium covering the optic nerve

A

Sclera

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9
Q

Cornea layer: external corneal epithelium, which is ______ _____ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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10
Q

Cornea layer: an anterior limiting membrane called ____ ______, which is the basement membrane beneath the corneal epithelium

A

Bowman membrane

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11
Q

Cornea layer: the middle layer and thickest

A

Stroma

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12
Q

Cornea layer: a posterior limiting membrane, called _____ _____, which is the basement membrane of the endothelium

A

Descemet membrane

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13
Q

Cornea layer: the inner most layer; _____ ____ endothelium

A

Simple squamous endothelium

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14
Q

The stroma consists of _____ and between those cytoplasmic extensions of flattened fibroblast-like cells called _____

A

Collagen; keratocytes

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15
Q

Encircling the cornea is the ______, a transitional area where the transparent cornea merges with the opaque sclera

A

Limbus

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16
Q

The most anterior extension of the vascular layer (middle layer) which covers part of the lens

A

Iris

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17
Q

The anterior surface of the iris consists of a dense layer of _________ and _______ and loose CT

A

Fibroblasts and melanocytes

18
Q

The posterior layer of the iris has a two-layered _______ heavily filled with melanin

A

Epithelium

19
Q

The _____ and ______ pupillary muscles of the iris have sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, respectively, for enlarging and consisting the pupil

A

Dilator and sphincter

20
Q

____ a transparent biconvex structure suspended immediately behind the iris, which focuses light on the retina

A

Lens

21
Q

Derived from the embryonic surface ______, the lens is ________ tissue and is highly elastic, a property that normally decreases with age

A

Ectoderm; avascular

22
Q

The lens had three components: ____, _____, and ____

A

Capsule, epithelium, and fibers

23
Q

The lens ____ originates as the basement membrane of the embryonic lens vesicle

A

Capsule

24
Q

The lens capsule provides the place of attachment for ____ ______ fibers

A

Ciliary zonule (zonular)

25
Q

The lens _______ consist of a single layer of cubical cells present only on the anterior surface of the lens

A

Epithelium

26
Q

Lens ____ are highly elongated, terminally differentiated cells with no nuclei

A

Fibers

27
Q

The cytoplasm of the lens fibers become filled with a group of proteins called _____

A

Crystallins

28
Q

The ____ ____, the anterior expansion of the vascular layer that encircles the lens

A

Ciliary body

29
Q

The ____ ____ consists of smooth muscle and loose CT and is very vascular

A

Ciliary muscle

30
Q

Fluid flows across the eye into the adjacent larger space called ____ __ ______

A

Canal of Schlemm

31
Q

The _____ is a vascular tissue, with many melanocytes that prevent light from entering the eye except through the pupil; part of vascular layer

A

Choroid

32
Q

Layer which provides nutrition for the retina

A

Choroid

33
Q

The ____, the innermost layer of the eye, develops with two sublayers from the embryonic optic cup

A

Retina

34
Q

Cells extremely sensitive to light

A

Rod cells

35
Q

Rods: Proteins on the cytoplasmic surface of each disc include abundant _____ or visual purple

A

Rhodopsin

36
Q

____ cells produce color vision adequately bright light

A

Cone cells

37
Q

Each visual pigment (iodopsin) contains a transmembrane protein, the ____, with a small, light-sensitive chromophore molecule bound to it. The vitamin A derivative called _____ acts as the chromophore of rhodopsin in rods

A

Opsin; retinal

38
Q

All neurons of the retina are supported metabolically by elongated, regularly arranged glial cells called _____ cells

A

Müller cells

39
Q

The _______ is a thin, transparent mucosa that covers the exposed, anterior portion of the sclera and continues as the lining on the inner surface of the eyelids =

A

Conjunctiva

40
Q

Consists of goblet cells; mucous secretions help coat its epithelium and the cornea

A

Conjunctiva

Histology (12 decks)

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