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Histology > Chapter 4: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

consists of different combinations of protein fibers (collagen and elastic fibers) and ground substance

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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2
Q

a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of the embryo, mesoderm; where all connective tissues originate from

A

mesenchyme

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3
Q

undifferentiated cells with have large nuclei, with prominent nucleoi and fine chromatin

A

mesenchymal cells

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4
Q

Cells that produce and maintain most of the tissue’s extracellular components; synthesize and secrete collagen and elastin, GAGs, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

Fibroblasts cells

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5
Q

Fibroblasts are targets of many families of proteins called _______, that influence cell growth and differentiation

A

Growth factors

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6
Q

Cells specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats, or less commonly for the production of heat

A

Adipocytes (fat cells)

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7
Q

Function in the localized release of many bioactive substances important in the local inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

An anticoagulant, mast cell

A

Heparin

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9
Q

A mast cell that promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

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10
Q

Due to high content of acidic radicals in their sulfates GAGs, mast cell granules display ________ which means they change color of some basic dyes

A

Metachromasia

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11
Q

Components of connective tissue that are elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts

A

Fibers

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12
Q

Collagen, reticular, and elastic are all types of _____

A

Fibers

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13
Q

Collagen I, II, and III are all types of ________ ________

A

Fibrillar collagens

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14
Q

Have polypeptide subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils that are clearly visible in LM

A

Fibrillar collagens

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15
Q

Procured on polyribosome of the RER and traps located into the cisternae

A

Procollagen α chains

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16
Q

Remove the terminal globular peptides, converting procollagen molecules to collagen molecules

A

Procollagen peptidases

17
Q

Mainly consist of collagen type III, which form an extensive network of thin fibers for the support of many different cells; common in immune system

A

Reticular fibers

18
Q

Forms sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles in many organs

A

elastic fibers

19
Q

In the wall of large blood vessels, especially arteries, elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called _____

A

Elastic lamellae

20
Q

The stains for defined elastic fibers and lamellae are _____ and _____

A

Orcein (weigerts) and aldehyde fuchsin

21
Q

Elastic fibers are composite of _________, which forms a network of ________, embedded in a larger mass of cross-linked ______

A

Fibrillin; microfibrils; elastin

22
Q

Four lysine residues in two elastin molecules condense to form ____

A

Desmosine ring

23
Q

Highly hydrated, transparent, complex mixture of macromolecules: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

Ground substance

24
Q

Long polymers do repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine or uronic acid

A

GAGs (aka mucopolysaccharides)

25
Q

Largest GAG; very long polymer of the disaccharide glucosamine-glucutonate

A

Hyaluronic acid/hyaluronate/hyaluronan

26
Q

Synthesized in the cell membrane and is non-sulfated

A

Hyaluronic acid

27
Q

Smaller, sulfated, bound to proteins (as part of proteoglycans), and are synthesized in the Golgi complexes

A

All other GAGs

28
Q

Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are all _______

A

Four major GAGs found in proteoglycans

29
Q

Consist of a core protein to which are covalently attached various sulfated GAGs

A

Proteoglycans

30
Q

After secretion proteoglycans become bound to_______ polymers by _____ proteins and their GAG side chains associate further with _________ fibers and other ECM components

A

Hyaluronic acid; link; collagen

31
Q

Key proteoglycans in all basal laminae

A

Perlecan

32
Q

Vary large macromolecules with core protein heavily bound with chrondroitin and keratan sulfate chains; found in cartilage

A

Aggrecan

33
Q

Have multiple binding sites for call surface integrins and other matrix macromolecules

A

Multiadhesive glycoproteins

34
Q

A dimer with binding sites for collagens, certain GAGs, and integrins; important for cell adhesion and cellular migration

A

Fibronectin

35
Q

Trimeric glycoprotein with binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen, and specific preteoglycans; providingg adhesion from epithelial and other cells

A

Laminin

36
Q

Water in the ground substance of connective tissue; has an ion composition and plasma proteins of low molecular weight

A

Interstitial fluid

Histology (10 decks)

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