Chapter 4: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

consists of different combinations of protein fibers (collagen and elastic fibers) and ground substance

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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2
Q

a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of the embryo, mesoderm; where all connective tissues originate from

A

mesenchyme

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3
Q

undifferentiated cells with have large nuclei, with prominent nucleoi and fine chromatin

A

mesenchymal cells

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4
Q

Cells that produce and maintain most of the tissue’s extracellular components; synthesize and secrete collagen and elastin, GAGs, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

Fibroblasts cells

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5
Q

Fibroblasts are targets of many families of proteins called _______, that influence cell growth and differentiation

A

Growth factors

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6
Q

Cells specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats, or less commonly for the production of heat

A

Adipocytes (fat cells)

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7
Q

Function in the localized release of many bioactive substances important in the local inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

An anticoagulant, mast cell

A

Heparin

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9
Q

A mast cell that promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

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10
Q

Due to high content of acidic radicals in their sulfates GAGs, mast cell granules display ________ which means they change color of some basic dyes

A

Metachromasia

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11
Q

Components of connective tissue that are elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts

A

Fibers

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12
Q

Collagen, reticular, and elastic are all types of _____

A

Fibers

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13
Q

Collagen I, II, and III are all types of ________ ________

A

Fibrillar collagens

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14
Q

Have polypeptide subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils that are clearly visible in LM

A

Fibrillar collagens

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15
Q

Procured on polyribosome of the RER and traps located into the cisternae

A

Procollagen α chains

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16
Q

Remove the terminal globular peptides, converting procollagen molecules to collagen molecules

A

Procollagen peptidases

17
Q

Mainly consist of collagen type III, which form an extensive network of thin fibers for the support of many different cells; common in immune system

A

Reticular fibers

18
Q

Forms sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles in many organs

A

elastic fibers

19
Q

In the wall of large blood vessels, especially arteries, elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called _____

A

Elastic lamellae

20
Q

The stains for defined elastic fibers and lamellae are _____ and _____

A

Orcein (weigerts) and aldehyde fuchsin

21
Q

Elastic fibers are composite of _________, which forms a network of ________, embedded in a larger mass of cross-linked ______

A

Fibrillin; microfibrils; elastin

22
Q

Four lysine residues in two elastin molecules condense to form ____

A

Desmosine ring

23
Q

Highly hydrated, transparent, complex mixture of macromolecules: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

Ground substance

24
Q

Long polymers do repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine or uronic acid

A

GAGs (aka mucopolysaccharides)

25
Largest GAG; very long polymer of the disaccharide glucosamine-glucutonate
Hyaluronic acid/hyaluronate/hyaluronan
26
Synthesized in the cell membrane and is non-sulfated
Hyaluronic acid
27
Smaller, sulfated, bound to proteins (as part of proteoglycans), and are synthesized in the Golgi complexes
All other GAGs
28
Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are all _______
Four major GAGs found in proteoglycans
29
Consist of a core protein to which are covalently attached various sulfated GAGs
Proteoglycans
30
After secretion proteoglycans become bound to_______ polymers by _____ proteins and their GAG side chains associate further with _________ fibers and other ECM components
Hyaluronic acid; link; collagen
31
Key proteoglycans in all basal laminae
Perlecan
32
Vary large macromolecules with core protein heavily bound with chrondroitin and keratan sulfate chains; found in cartilage
Aggrecan
33
Have multiple binding sites for call surface integrins and other matrix macromolecules
Multiadhesive glycoproteins
34
A dimer with binding sites for collagens, certain GAGs, and integrins; important for cell adhesion and cellular migration
Fibronectin
35
Trimeric glycoprotein with binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen, and specific preteoglycans; providingg adhesion from epithelial and other cells
Laminin
36
Water in the ground substance of connective tissue; has an ion composition and plasma proteins of low molecular weight
Interstitial fluid