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Histology > Chapter 15: Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Its function is to obtain molecules from the the ingested food that are necessary for the maintenance, growth, and energy needs of the body

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

Carbohydrates and lipids are broken down by _____ in the oral cavity

A

Saliva

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3
Q

A mass of striated muscle covered by mucosa

A

Tongue

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4
Q

CT between small fascicles of muscle penetrated by the ___ ____, which makes the mucous membrane strongly adherent to the muscular core

A

Lamina propria

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5
Q

The ____/____ surface of the tongue is smooth, with typical lining mucosa

A

Lower/ventral

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6
Q

The ____/____ surface of the tongue is irregular, having hundreds of papillae

A

Upper/dorsal

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7
Q

The papillary and tonsillar areas of the tongue are separated by a V-shaped groove called the ____ ____

A

Sulcus terminalis

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8
Q

___ ____ are very numerous, have an elongated conical shape, and are heavily keratinized which gives their surface a gray or whitish appearance

A

Filiform papillae

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9
Q

Provide a rough surface that facilitates movement of food during chewing - mechanical

A

Filiform papillae

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10
Q

____ ____ are much less numerous, lightly keratinized, and interspersed on the tongue. They are mushroom-shaped and taste buds are present

A

Fungiform papillae

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11
Q

Ovoid structures within the stratified epithelium on the tongue’s surface, which sample the general chemical composition of ingested material

A

Taste buds

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12
Q

The taste bud is made up of 3 types of cells: ____, ____, and ____

A

Gustatory, supportive, and basal stem cells

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13
Q

___ ___ cells give rise to gustatory and supportive cells in teh taste bud

A

Basal stem

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14
Q

At the apical ends of the gustatory cells, ____ project toward a point in the structure called the taste ___

A

Microvilli; pore

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15
Q

The crown of a tooth is covered by very hard, acellular _____ and the roots by a bone-like tissue called _____

A

Enamel; cementum

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16
Q

The bulk of the tooth is composed of another calcified material called _____

A

Dentin

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17
Q

Dentin surrounds an internal ___ ___

A

Pulp cavity

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18
Q

The pulp cavity narrows in each root as the ___ ___, which extends to an opening at the tip of the root for the blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves of the pulp cavity

A

Root canal

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19
Q

Opening at the tip of each root

A

Apical foramen

20
Q

Dentin is a calcified tissue harder than bone, consisting of 70% _______

A

Hydroxyapatite

21
Q

The organic matrix, hydroxyapatite, contains type I collagen and proteoglycans secreted from the the apical ends of ________

A

Odontoblasts

22
Q

Tall polarized cells derived from the cranial neural crest that line the tooth’s pulp cavity

A

Odontoblasts

23
Q

Long apical odontoblast processes extend from the odontoblasts within ___ tubules

A

Dentinal tubules

24
Q

In a developing tooth bud, the matrix for the enamel rod is secreted by tall, polarized cells called

A

Ameloblasts

25
Q

The ______ comprises the structures responsible for maintaining the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular bones, and includes the cementum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone with the associated gingiva

A

Periodontium

26
Q

Covers the dentin of the root and resembles bone, but is avascular

A

Cementum

27
Q

_____ maintain their surrounding matrix and react to stresses by gradually remodeling; less labile than bone

A

Cementocytes

28
Q

The _____ ____ is fibrous CT with bundled collagen fibers (Sharpey fibers) binding the cementum and the alveolar bone

A

Periodontal ligament

29
Q

The alveolar bone is surrounded by the ____ ____, which serves as its periosteum

A

Periodontal ligament

30
Q

The _____ ____ has osteoblasts and osteocytes engaging in continuous remodeling of the bony matrix

A

Alveolar bone

31
Q

Keratinized oral mucosa that is firmly bound to the periosteum of the maxillary and mandibular bones

A

Gingiva (gum)

32
Q

The mucosa is made of three layers: ____, __ ___, and ___ ___-

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

33
Q

Peritoneal cavity that secretes fluid; simple squamous mesothelium

A

Serosa

34
Q

Outer layer of CT that connects certain parts of the digestive system (esophagus and anal canal) to the body walls

A

Adventitia

35
Q

Transport food from the mouth to the stomach; strong muscular tube; is mainly skeletal muscle

A

Esophagus

36
Q

The submucosa of the esophagus contains small mucus-secreting glands, ____ ____, which lubricate and protect the mucosa

A

Esophageal glands

37
Q

Digestion of carbohydrates initiated by the _____ of saliva

A

Amylase

38
Q

In the stomach, food undergoes mechanical and chemical breakdown into a viscous mass called

A

Chyme

39
Q

Stomach begins digestion of triglycerides by a secreted ____

A

Lipase

40
Q

Stomach promotes the initial digestion of proteins with the enzyme _____

A

Pepsin

41
Q

The ____ is a narrow transitional zone between the esophagus and the stomach

A

Cardia

42
Q

The ____ is the funnel-shaped region that opens into the small intestine

A

Pylorus

43
Q

The ____/___ regions are the sites of gastric glands releasing acidic gastric juice

A

Fundus/body

44
Q

The mucosa and submucosa of the empty stomach have large, longitudinally directed folds called ____, which flatten when the stomach fills food

A

Rugae

45
Q

____ cells secrete hydrochloric acid; are large rounded or pyramidal with large round blue/purple centrally located nucleus

A

Parietal cells

46
Q

____ ____ converts carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate and protons; also releases Cl- to produce HCl

A

Carbonic anhydrase

47
Q

Parietal cells also secrete ___ ____, a glycoprotein required for uptake of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

A

Intrinsic factor

Histology (12 decks)

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