chapter 7 Flashcards by Rebecca Stoner

arteriole

small artery

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calciferol

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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calyx

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluid

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cortex

outer region of an organ

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cretinine

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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electrolyte

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

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erythropoietin

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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filtration

process whereby some substance by not all pass through a filter

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glomerular capsule

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

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glomerulus

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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hilum

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

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kidney

one of the two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region

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meatus

opening or canal

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medulla

inner region of an organ

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nephron

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration reabsorption and secretion take place in the kidney

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nitrogenous waste

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

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potassium

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood

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reabsorption

process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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renal artery

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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renal pelvis

central collecting region in the kidney

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renal tubule

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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renal vein

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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renin

hormone secreted by the kidney

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sodium

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys

trigone

triangular area in the urinary bladder

urea

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

ureter

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

uric acid

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

urinary bladder

hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine

urination

process of expelling urine

cali/o, calic/o

calyx

cyst/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidneys

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/o

potassium

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

-poietin

substance that forms

py/o

pus

-tripsy

crushing

ur/o, urin/o

urine

-uria

urination,

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

interstitial nephrities

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

nephrolothiasis

kidney stones

nephrotic syndrome

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

polycystic kidney disease

multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

renal cell carcinoma

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

renal failure

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

renal hypertension

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Wilms tumor

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

bladder cancer

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

diabetes insipidus

antidiuretic hormone is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

diabetes melitus

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

blood urea nitrogen

measure the urea levels in blood

creatinine clearance

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

CT urography

x-rays image obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

kidneys, ureters and bladder

x-ray examination *without contrast* of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

renal angiography

x-ray examination *with contrast* of the blood vessels of the kidney

retrograde pyelogram

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureter from the bladder

voiding cystourethrogram

x-ray image *with contrast* of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

ultrasonography

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

radioisotope scan

image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

MRI urography

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

cystoscopy

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope

dialysis

process of separating nitrogenous waste material from the blood

lithotripsy

urinary tract stones are crushed

renal angioplasty

dilation of narrowed area in renal arteries

renal biopsy

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

renal transplantation

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

urinary catheterization

passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder