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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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2
Q

calciferol

A

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

calyx

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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4
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluid

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5
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ

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6
Q

cretinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

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8
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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9
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substance by not all pass through a filter

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10
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

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11
Q

glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

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13
Q

kidney

A

one of the two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region

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14
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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15
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ

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16
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration reabsorption and secretion take place in the kidney

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17
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

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18
Q

potassium

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood

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19
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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20
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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21
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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23
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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24
Q

renin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney

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25
Q

sodium

A

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys

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26
Q

trigone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder

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27
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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28
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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29
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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30
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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31
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine

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32
Q

urination

A

process of expelling urine

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33
Q

cali/o, calic/o

A

calyx

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34
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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35
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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36
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

37
Q

nephr/o

A

kidneys

38
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

39
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

40
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

41
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

42
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

43
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

44
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

45
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

46
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

47
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

48
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

49
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

50
Q

lith/o

A

stone

51
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

52
Q

noct/o

A

night

53
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

54
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

55
Q

py/o

A

pus

56
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

57
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

58
Q

-uria

A

urination,

59
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

60
Q

interstitial nephrities

A

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

61
Q

nephrolothiasis

A

kidney stones

62
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

63
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney

64
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

65
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

66
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

67
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

68
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

69
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

70
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

antidiuretic hormone is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

71
Q

diabetes melitus

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

72
Q

blood urea nitrogen

A

measure the urea levels in blood

73
Q

creatinine clearance

A

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

74
Q

CT urography

A

x-rays image obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

75
Q

kidneys, ureters and bladder

A

x-ray examination without contrast of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

76
Q

renal angiography

A

x-ray examination with contrast of the blood vessels of the kidney

77
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureter from the bladder

78
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

x-ray image with contrast of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

79
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

80
Q

radioisotope scan

A

image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

81
Q

MRI urography

A

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

82
Q

cystoscopy

A

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope

83
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste material from the blood

84
Q

lithotripsy

A

urinary tract stones are crushed

85
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of narrowed area in renal arteries

86
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

87
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

88
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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