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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

acetycholine

A

neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

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2
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer of the three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

astrocyte

A

type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

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6
Q

axon

A

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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7
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells

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8
Q

brainstem

A

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord

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9
Q

causa equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

cell body

A

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

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11
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum containing sheets of nerve cell

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14
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

cerbrum

A

largest part of the brain, vision, speech, taste, hearing, memory

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16
Q

cranial nerves

A

twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck

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17
Q

dendrite

A

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

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18
Q

dura mater

A

thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

efferent nerve

A

carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

ependymal cell

A

glial cell that line membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

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21
Q

ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

glial cell

A

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses

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23
Q

gyrus

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex

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24
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain beneath the thalamus, sleep, appetite, body temperature,

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25
medulla oblongata
part of the brain just above the spinal cord, breathing, heartbeat, size of blood vessels
26
meninges
three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
27
microglial cell
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
28
midbrain
uppermost portion of the brainstem
29
motor nerve
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs
30
myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell
31
nerve
macroscopic cord like collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses
32
neuron
nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body
33
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell
34
oligodendroglia cell
glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons
35
parasympathetic nerves
involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing,
36
parenchyma
essential distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
37
peripheral nervous system
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
38
pia mater
thin delicate inner membrane of the meninges
39
plexus
large interlacing network of nerves
40
pons
part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain
41
receptor
organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves
42
sciatic nerve
nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot
43
sensory nerve
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor
44
spinal nerves
thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
45
stimulus
agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
46
stroma
connective and supporting tissue of an organ
47
sulcus
depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex
48
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in time of stress
49
synapse
space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscles or glandular cells
50
thalamus
main relay center of the brain
51
vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve
52
ventricles of the brain
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
53
cerebell/o
cerebellum
54
cerebr/o
cerebrum
55
dur/o
dura mater
56
encephal/o
brain
57
gli/o
glial cells
58
lept/o
thin, slender
59
mening/o, meningi/o
membranes, meninges
60
my/o
muscle
61
myel/o
spinal cord
62
neur/o
nerve
63
pont/o
pons
64
radicul/o
nerve root
65
thalam/o
thalamus
66
thec/o
sheath
67
vag/o
vagus nerve
68
alges/o, -algesia
sensitivity to pain
69
-algia
pain
70
caus/o
burning
71
comat/o
deep sleep
72
esthesi/o, -esthesia
feeling, nervous sensation
73
kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic
movement
74
-lepsy
seizure
75
lex/o
word, phrase
76
-paresis
weakness
77
-phasia
speech
78
-plegia
paralysis
79
-praxia
action
80
-sthenia
strenth
81
syncop/o
to cut off
82
tax/o
order, coordination
83
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain
84
spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts
85
Alzheimer disease
brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes and impairment of daily functioning
86
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
87
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
88
Huntington disease
hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movement and mental deterioration
89
multiple sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS
90
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
91
palsy
paralysis
92
Parkinson disease
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia occurring in later life and leading to tremor, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
93
Tourette syndrome
involuntary spasmodic twitching movement
94
herpes zoster
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
95
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
96
human immunodeficiency virus encephalophathy
brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS
97
brain tumor
abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
98
cerebral concussion
type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head
99
cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
100
cerebrovascular accident
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain
101
migraine
sever recurring unilateral vascular headache
102
absence seizure
form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surrounding
103
aneurysm
enlarged weakened area in an arterial wall which may rupture leading to hemorrhage and CVA
104
astrocytoma
malignant tumor of astrocytes
105
aura
peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure
106
dementia
mental decline and deterioration
107
demyelination
destruction of myelin on axons of neurons
108
dopamine
CNS neurotransmitter deficient in patient with Parkinson disease
109
embolus
clot of material travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
110
gait
manner of walking
111
ictal event
pertaining to sudden acute onset as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure
112
occlusion
blockage
113
palliative
relieving symptoms but not curing them
114
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland
115
TIA
transient ischemic attack
116
tic
involuntary movement of a small group of muscles
117
tonic-clonic seizure
major convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness
118
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
sample of CSF are examined
119
cerebral angiography
x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
120
computer tomography of the brain
computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
121
magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
122
positron emission tomography scan
radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells
123
doppler ultrasound studies
sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries
124
electroencephalography
recording to the electrical activity of the brain
125
lumbar puncture
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
126
stereotactic radiosurgery
use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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