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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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2
Q

alveolus

A

air sac in the lung

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A

tip or uppermost portion of the lung

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4
Q

base of the lung

A

lower portion of the lung

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

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6
Q

bronchus

A

branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the ling

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7
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine

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8
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the chest and abdomen

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

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11
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

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12
Q

glottis

A

slit like opening to the larynx

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13
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs

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14
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in

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15
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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16
Q

lobe

A

division of a lung

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17
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

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18
Q

nares

A

opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavitiies

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19
Q

oxygen

A

gas that makes up 21 percent of the air

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20
Q

palatine tonsil

A

one of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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21
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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22
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

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23
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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24
Q

pleura

A

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

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25
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the folds of the pleura

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26
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration

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27
Q

respiration

A

process of moving air into and out of the lung

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28
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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29
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

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30
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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31
Q

alvelo/o

A

alveolus, air sac

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32
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchial tubes, bronchus

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33
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole, small bronchus

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34
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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35
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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36
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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37
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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38
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, voice box

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39
Q

lob/o

A

lobe of the lung

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40
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

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41
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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42
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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43
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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44
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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45
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx, throat

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46
Q

phon/o

A

voice

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47
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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48
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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49
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o

A

air, lung

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50
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

51
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

52
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

53
Q

tel/o

A

complete

54
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

55
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

56
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

57
Q

-ema

A

condition

58
Q

-osmia

A

smell

59
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

60
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

61
Q

-sphyxia

A

pulse

62
Q

-thorax

A

pleural cavity, chest

63
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

64
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a sure to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

65
Q

pleural rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

66
Q

rales

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli

67
Q

rhonchi

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

68
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting

69
Q

stridor

A

strained high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

70
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high pitched whistling sound produced during breathing

71
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx accompanied by barking cough and stridor

72
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infections of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

73
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

74
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

75
Q

asthma

A

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and construction and increase mucus product

76
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus usually secondary to infection

77
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time

78
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of exocrine gland resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

79
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

80
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

81
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

82
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

83
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli which fill with pus or product of the inflammatory reaction

84
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus in the lungs

85
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

86
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

87
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

88
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

89
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

90
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

91
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

92
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

93
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

94
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

95
Q

asbestosis

A

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

96
Q

bacilli

A

rod shaped bacteria

97
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

98
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

99
Q

exudates

A

fluid, cells and other substance that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or area of inflammation

100
Q

hydrothorax

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

101
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung

102
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms but not curing the disease

103
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurrence

104
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area of necrosis

105
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

106
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs

107
Q

chest x-ray

A

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity

108
Q

computed tomography scan of the chest

A

computer generated series of x-ray show thoracic structure cross section and other planes

109
Q

magnetic resonance imaging of the chest

A

magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross sectional planes

110
Q

positron emission tomography scan of the lung

A

radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity of the lungs

111
Q

ventilation perfusion scan

A

detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas

112
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

113
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, trachea to establish an airway

114
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the voice box

115
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

116
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

117
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs

118
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

119
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

120
Q

thoracoscopy

A

visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

121
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

122
Q

tuberculin test

A

determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

123
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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