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Bio 1060 Medical term > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket

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2
Q

calcaneus

A

heel

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3
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

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4
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

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5
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

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6
Q

cranium

A

skull

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7
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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8
Q

fibula

A

smaller of the two lower leg bones

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9
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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10
Q

ilium

A

upper part of pelvic bone

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11
Q

ishium

A

inferior or lower part of the pelvic bone

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12
Q

malleolus

A

ankle

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13
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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14
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone

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15
Q

metacarapls

A

hand bones

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16
Q

metatarsal

A

midfoot bones

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17
Q

olecranon

A

elbow

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18
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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19
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

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20
Q

pubis

A

anterior part of the pelvic bone

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21
Q

radius

A

forearm bone- thumb side

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22
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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23
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

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24
Q

tarsals

A

hindfoot and midfoot bones

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25
Q

tibia

A

shin bone- larger of the two lower leg bones

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26
Q

ulna

A

forearm bone- little finger side

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27
Q

vertebra

A

backbone/spine

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28
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that joins the femur forming the hip joint

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29
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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30
Q

bone

A

dense hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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31
Q

bone depression

A

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones or passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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32
Q

bone process

A

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments

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33
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

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34
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

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35
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue

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36
Q

collagen

A

dense connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissue

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37
Q

compact bone

A

hard dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones

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38
Q

cranial bones

A

skull bones

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39
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft or mid portion of a long bone

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40
Q

disk

A

flat round plate like structure

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41
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

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42
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone

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43
Q

facial bones

A

bones of the face

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44
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

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45
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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46
Q

Haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels

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47
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to other bones

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48
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both dies of the ankle joint

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49
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum

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50
Q

mastoid process

A

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

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51
Q

medullary cavity

A

central hollowed out area in the shaft of a long bone

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52
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate

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53
Q

olecranon

A

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

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54
Q

orthopedist

A

medical doctor who specialized in bone, joints, and muscle conditions

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55
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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56
Q

offification

A

process of bone formation

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57
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

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58
Q

osteoclast

A

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

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59
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bone

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60
Q

phosphorus

A

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

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61
Q

physiatrist

A

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

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62
Q

pubic symphysis

A

area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis

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63
Q

red bone marrow

A

found in cancellous bone

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64
Q

ribs

A

twelve pairs of curved bone that form the chest wall

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65
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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66
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

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67
Q

styloid process

A

pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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68
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between bones

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69
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

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70
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

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71
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting bundle of bony fibers in cancellous bone

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72
Q

vertebra

A

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body

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73
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower narrow portion of the sternum

74
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

75
Q

calc/o, calci/o

A

calcium

76
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback, hunchback

77
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

78
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback

79
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

80
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

81
Q

orth/o

A

straight

82
Q

oste/o

A

bone

83
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

84
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

85
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

86
Q

-blast

A

embryonic

87
Q

-clast

A

to break

88
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

89
Q

-malacia

A

softening

90
Q

-physis

A

to grow

91
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

92
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

93
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in bone

94
Q

exostosis

A

bony growth arising from the surface on bone

95
Q

fracture

A

traumatic breaking of a bone

96
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts found primarily in children and adolescents

97
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

98
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

99
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density

100
Q

talipes

A

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot

101
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

102
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

103
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near a joint

104
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective bands binding bones to other bonees

105
Q

meniscus

A

crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

106
Q

suture joint

A

immovable joint

107
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bone at a synovial joint

108
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid within the synovial cavity

109
Q

synovial joint

A

freely movable joint

110
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue lining the synovial cavity

111
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue muscles to bones

112
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

113
Q

arthr/o, articul/o

A

joint

114
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

115
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

116
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

117
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

118
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membane

119
Q

ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

120
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

121
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

122
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of any joint

123
Q

ankylosing spondylities

A

chronic progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints,

124
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation and painful swelling joint caused by excessive uric acid in the body

125
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone

126
Q

rheumatoid arthrities

A

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain

127
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

128
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and bones and tendons of the wrist

129
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint

130
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

131
Q

herniation of an intervertebral disk

A

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

132
Q

lyme disease

A

chronic recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise

133
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments

134
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidney, central nervous system, heart, and lungs

135
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones

136
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones

137
Q

abduction

A

move away from the midline of the body

138
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

139
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

140
Q

dorsiflexion

A

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot move upward

141
Q

plantar flexion

A

motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground

142
Q

supination

A

where the elbow is bent the act of turning the palm up

143
Q

pronation

A

where the elbow is bent the act of turning the palm down

144
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

145
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

146
Q

origin of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

147
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle connected to internal organs

148
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

149
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous connective tissue

150
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

151
Q

my/o

A

muscle

152
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

153
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

154
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

155
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal muscle connected to bones

156
Q

sarc/o

A

muscle and flesh

157
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

158
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

159
Q

ab

A

away from

160
Q

ad

A

toward

161
Q

dorsi

A

back

162
Q

poly

A

many, much

163
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

164
Q

polymyositis

A

chronic inflammatory myopathy

165
Q

antinuclear antibody test

A

detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disease

166
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

measure time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

167
Q

rheumatoid factor test

A

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis

168
Q

serum calcium

A

measurement of calcium level in serum

169
Q

serum creatine kinase

A

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

170
Q

uric acid test

A

measurement of uric acid serum

171
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

172
Q

arthrography

A

taking x-ray after injection of contrast material into a joint

173
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

174
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope which projects an image on a video monitor

175
Q

bone density test

A

low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

176
Q

bone scan

A

uptake of radioactive substance is measured in bone

177
Q

computed tomography

A

x-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images

178
Q

diskography

A

x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus

179
Q

electromyography

A

recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

180
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

strong magnetic fieldand advanced computing technology are used to create high resolution images of soft tissue

181
Q

muscle biopsy

A

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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